A woman buried in Hungary in the Neolithic era

I1885
Portrait reconstruction
Disclaimer: The portrait shown is a speculative reconstruction and not the actual face of the ancient sample. It represents an artistic interpretation based on archaeological data.
Specimen Details
Sample ID:
I1885
Date:
5363 BCE - 5216 BCE
Biological Sex:
Female
mtDNA:
T2b23
Y-DNA:
Not applicable
Cultural Period:
Middle Neolithic Vinča Culture, Hungary
Location
Country:
Hungary
Locality:
Versend-Gilencsa
Coordinates:
45.5853, 18.3077
Map Location
Historical Timeline
Description

The Vinča culture, a significant archaeological culture of the Middle Neolithic period, thrived in what is now modern-day Serbia, but its influence extended into parts of Hungary and beyond, including Romania, Bosnia, and Macedonia. The Vinča culture, part of the broader Danubian cultures, is predominantly known for its advanced and sophisticated features during the Neolithic period, roughly dating from 5500 to 4500 BCE.

Geographic Context:

In Hungary, the Vinča culture was primarily situated in the southern regions, along the banks of the Danube River. The river's fertile plains provided a rich environment for agriculture and settled life, setting the stage for a thriving community that would develop well-planned settlements and engage in farming, crafting, and trade.

Settlements:

Vinča settlements in Hungary were typically large and complex. The houses built during this era were rectangular, constructed with wattle and daub, and often featured thatched roofs. Some evidence suggests that settlements were organized in a planned manner, with houses oriented in parallel rows and street-like formations. The use of clay plaster on walls and floors was common, indicating a concern for structural aesthetics and durability.

Economy and Subsistence:

The Vinča culture had a mixed farming economy. Agriculture was at the heart of their subsistence strategy, with evidence of cultivated crops such as wheat, barley, and legumes. Animal husbandry was also practiced, with domesticated cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats being essential to their diet. Fishing and hunting supplemented their diet, adding variety to their culinary habits.

Craftsmanship and Artifacts:

One of the most distinguishing features of the Vinča culture is its impressive craftsmanship, particularly in pottery. Vinča pottery is renowned for its intricate designs, including spirals, geometric patterns, and zoomorphic motifs, often created using flint tools. The pottery was not only functional but also held ceremonial significance.

Another hallmark of Vinča artistry is the creation of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figurines. These often abstract representations have been found abundantly across various sites, indicating their possible religious or ritualistic significance.

Social Structure:

The Vinča society is believed to have been relatively complex and hierarchical. The size and structure of settlements suggest the existence of some form of social organization, potentially including leaders or skilled artisans who held higher status. The presence of long-distance trade networks also implies an advanced level of societal interaction and economic complexity.

Religion and Symbolism:

Vinča culture is also notable for its symbols, some of which are interpreted as proto-writing or early scripts. The symbols appear on pottery, figurines, and other objects, suggesting a form of communication or ritual significance. The interpretation of these symbols remains speculative, with theories ranging from property marks to religious or calendrical meanings.

Legacy and Influence:

The Vinča culture significantly contributed to the diffusion of Neolithic technologies and ideas across Europe. Its extensive trade networks facilitated cultural exchange, spreading agricultural practices, and technological innovations. The culture's decline around 4500 BCE remains a subject of study, potentially linked to environmental changes, resource depletion, or social upheavals.

In summary, the Middle Neolithic Vinča culture in Hungary represents an era of remarkable advancement for its time, with sophisticated settlements, distinctive craftsmanship, and complex social structures underscoring its importance in the prehistoric European context. Its legacy is recognized in its contributions to Neolithic cultural development and its influence on subsequent European civilizations.

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I0057 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5215 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
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I2032 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2029 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5299 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2037 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5210 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2026 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2008 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5211 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2016 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2017 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2021 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2005 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5299 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I0447 5000 BCE Hódmezővásárhely-Gorzsa. grave 4, Hungary View
I2373 6000 BCE Törökszentmiklos Tiszapüspöki Karanycs haromag 3. lh., Hungary View
I1877 5713 BCE Alsonyek-Bataszek. Mérnöki telep, Hungary View
I3535 5217 BCE Hajdúnánás-Eszlári út, Hungary View
I3536 5300 BCE Enese elkerülő. Kóny. Proletár-dülö. M85. Site 2, Hungary View
I3537 5479 BCE Mezőkövesd-Mocsolyás, Hungary View
I4188 5300 BCE Polgár-Piócás, Hungary View
I0018 5307 BCE Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart-Mühlhausen. Viesenhaeuser Hof, Germany View
I2739 5307 BCE Alsónyék-Bátaszék. site 11, Hungary View
I2790 3768 BCE Abony. Turjányos-dűlő, Hungary View
I2791 3649 BCE Abony. Turjányos-dűlő, Hungary View
I2793 4442 BCE Törökszentmiklós. road 4. site 3, Hungary View
I1895 5318 BCE Szederkény-Kukorica-dülö, Hungary View
I1902 4900 BCE Felsőörs-Bárókert, Hungary View
I1905 4834 BCE Csabdi-Télizöldes, Hungary View
I1907 4334 BCE Enese elkerülő. Kóny. Proletár-dülö. M85. Site 2, Hungary View
I1878 5830 BCE Alsonyek-Bataszek. Mérnöki telep, Hungary View
I2366 3340 BCE Budakalász-Luppa csárda, Hungary View
I2367 3333 BCE Budakalász-Luppa csárda, Hungary View
I2384 5305 BCE Hajdúnánás-Eszlári út, Hungary View
I0046 5211 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I0659 5210 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I0048 5210 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I1550 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I0821 5205 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I0057 5215 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2005 5299 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2008 5211 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
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I2030 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2032 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2036 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
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I2038 5350 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
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I3276 3096 BCE Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera, Spain View
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I2373 6000 BCE Törökszentmiklos Tiszapüspöki Karanycs haromag 3. lh., Hungary View
Sample ID Culture/Period Date Location Action
I1885 Middle Neolithic Vinča Culture, Hungary 5363 BCE Versend-Gilencsa, Hungary View
I1887 Middle Neolithic Vinča Culture, Hungary 5400 BCE Versend-Gilencsa, Hungary View
I1889 Middle Neolithic Vinča Culture, Hungary 5205 BCE Szederkény-Kukorica-dülö, Hungary View
I1894 Middle Neolithic Vinča Culture, Hungary 5400 BCE Versend-Gilencsa, Hungary View
I1896 Middle Neolithic Vinča Culture, Hungary 5317 BCE Szederkény-Kukorica-dülö, Hungary View
I1895 Middle Neolithic Vinča Culture, Hungary 5318 BCE Szederkény-Kukorica-dülö, Hungary View
Ancient Genetic Admixture

Ancient genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (I1885) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles ancient populations from different geographic regions.

Neolithic Farmers 66%
European Hunter-Gatherers 30%
Ancient Africans 3%
Modern Genetic Admixture

Modern genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (I1885) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles modern populations from different geographic regions.

These results complement the ancient ancestry components shown in the previous section, offering a different perspective on the individual's genetic profile by comparing it with modern reference populations rather than prehistoric ancestral groups.

Europe 66%
Southern European 66%
Italian 40.1%
Sardinian 14.9%
Iberian 10.0%
Balkan 1.4%
Asia 28%
Northern West Asian 18%
Cypriot 17.7%
Arab, Egyptian & Levantine 10%
Levantine 9.1%
Arabian 1.1%
Africa 6%
North African 6%
Egyptian 5.7%
G25 Coordinates

The G25 coordinates for the sample I1885 are as follows. You can analyze its admixture using G25 Studio.

I1885,0.10740708,0.1597389,0.00911642,-0.06057956,0.04936892,-0.02935046,-0.00367428,0.00395716,0.0434476,0.0654607,-0.00080178,0.0099624,-0.016174,-0.01290718,-0.01276636,0.00688882,0.01212306,0.00039186,0.00036486,-0.00140928,0.00091852,0.0053604,-0.0118158,-0.01805434,0.00320785
Analyze it in G25 Studio
Scientific Papers References
Parallel palaeogenomic transects reveal complex genetic history of early European farmers
Authors:
Lipson M, Szécsényi-Nagy A, Mallick S
Abstract:

Ancient DNA studies have established that Neolithic European populations were descended from Anatolian migrants who received a limited amount of admixture from resident hunter-gatherers. Many open questions remain, however, about the spatial and temporal dynamics of population interactions and admixture during the Neolithic period. Here we investigate the population dynamics of Neolithization across Europe using a high-resolution genome-wide ancient DNA dataset with a total of 180 samples, of which 130 are newly reported here, from the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods of Hungary (6000-2900 bc, n = 100), Germany (5500-3000 bc, n = 42) and Spain (5500-2200 bc, n = 38). We find that genetic diversity was shaped predominantly by local processes, with varied sources and proportions of hunter-gatherer ancestry among the three regions and through time. Admixture between groups with different ancestry profiles was pervasive and resulted in observable population transformation across almost all cultural transitions. Our results shed new light on the ways in which gene flow reshaped European populations throughout the Neolithic period and demonstrate the potential of time-series-based sampling and modelling approaches to elucidate multiple dimensions of historical population interactions.

Link:
View Publication
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