A man buried in Germany in the Middle Neolithic era

I1560
Portrait reconstruction
Disclaimer: The portrait shown is a speculative reconstruction and not the actual face of the ancient sample. It represents an artistic interpretation based on archaeological data.
Specimen Details
Sample ID:
I1560
Date:
3800 BCE - 3000 BCE
Biological Sex:
Male
mtDNA:
J2b1a
Y-DNA:
I-M170
Cultural Period:
Middle Neolithic Germany
Location
Country:
Germany
Locality:
Erwitte-Schmerlecke
Coordinates:
51.6000, 8.2500
Map Location
Historical Timeline
Description

The Middle Neolithic period in Germany, which is part of the broader Western European Neolithic era, spans approximately from 4500 to 3500 BCE. This era is marked by significant cultural, technological, and societal developments as communities transitioned from purely hunter-gatherer lifestyles to more settled agrarian societies. Here’s an in-depth look at the key characteristics and aspects of this period in Germany:

Agriculture and Subsistence:

  • Farming Innovations: By the Middle Neolithic, agriculture had become the dominant mode of subsistence. Cultivation of cereals such as wheat and barley was prevalent, alongside legumes and other crops. This period witnessed refinements in agricultural techniques, including crop rotation and the use of manures to enhance soil fertility.
  • Animal Husbandry: Communities kept domesticated animals like cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats, which provided a reliable source of meat, milk, and wool. The breeding of these animals also led to improved stock over generations.

Settlements and Architecture:

  • Permanent Villages: The era saw the establishment of more permanent and substantial settlement structures. Villages often consisted of longhouses, which were elongated, rectangular wooden structures covered with thatch roofs, providing ample space for extended families.
  • Regional Variation: Across Germany, settlement patterns exhibited regional variations, with some areas showing clustered villages and others more dispersed hamlets, reflecting adaptation to local environmental conditions.

Material Culture:

  • Ceramics and Pottery: Middle Neolithic pottery is noted for its diversity and complexity, with various styles reflecting both aesthetic preferences and functional requirements. Pottery often featured intricate decorations and was used for storage, cooking, and ceremonial purposes.
  • Stone Tools: Although metalworking had not yet begun, stone tool production reached high levels of sophistication. Flint and other stones were expertly crafted into axes, arrowheads, and other implements essential for daily life.

Social Structure and Organization:

  • Community Life: The Middle Neolithic communities were likely organized around kinship and clan systems. Social hierarchy, while present, was relatively egalitarian compared to later periods.
  • Trade and Exchange: There was an increase in trade and exchange networks, facilitated by the movement of goods such as exotic stones, potteries, and other crafted items. This exchange brought together different cultural groups and facilitated the spread of new ideas and technologies.

Rituals and Beliefs:

  • Megalithic Structures: The period is known for the construction of megalithic structures, such as passage tombs and standing stones, which indicate complex ritualistic practices and belief systems concerning death and the afterlife.
  • Art and Symbolism: Artistic expression included the decoration of pottery and personal adornments. Symbols carved or painted onto objects may have had spiritual or communal significance.

Environmental Interaction:

  • Land Management: People of this era made significant alterations to their landscapes to suit agricultural and settlement needs. This included deforestation and land clearing, contributing to ecological transformations.
  • Climate Challenges: Neolithic communities in Germany faced climatic fluctuations which occasionally forced adaptations in agricultural practices and settlement placements.

Legacy and Influence:

The Middle Neolithic era in Germany laid the groundwork for subsequent cultural developments in the Late Neolithic. It also influenced neighboring regions through cultural interchange and diffusion. The evidence left behind in the form of artifacts, settlement remains, and megalithic monuments provide critical insights into the early agricultural societies of Europe, marking a significant phase in the long progression towards complex civilizations.

Related Samples
Sample ID Culture/Period Date Location Action
I2199 Early Neolithic Spain 5214 BCE Burgos. El Prado de Pancorbo, Spain View
I2467 Chalcolithic Spain 2474 BCE Basque Country. Alava. El Sotillo, Spain View
I0802 Middle Neolithic Salzmuende Culture, Germany 3400 BCE Salzmünde-Schiepzig, Germany View
I0800 Middle Neolithic Salzmuende Culture, Germany 3348 BCE Salzmünde-Schiepzig, Germany View
I0449 Late Neolithic Tisza Culture, Hungary 5000 BCE Hódmezővásárhely-Gorzsa. grave 18, Hungary View
I1560 Middle Neolithic Germany 3800 BCE Erwitte-Schmerlecke, Germany View
I1893 Late Neolithic Sopot Culture, Hungary 5034 BCE Alsónyék-Elkerülő 2, Hungary View
I1904 Middle Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5209 BCE Bátaszék-Lajvér, Hungary View
I1593 Middle Neolithic Blatterhohle, Germany 3644 BCE Blatterhole Cave, Germany View
I1563 Middle Neolithic Blatterhohle, Germany 3626 BCE Blatterhole Cave, Germany View
I1565 Middle Neolithic Blatterhohle, Germany 3725 BCE Blatterhole Cave, Germany View
I1876 Early Neolithic Starčevo Culture 1, Hungary 5656 BCE Alsonyek-Bataszek. Mérnöki telep, Hungary View
I1882 Middle Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5300 BCE Budakeszi. Szőlőskert-Tangazdaság, Hungary View
I1883 Middle Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5303 BCE Tolna-Mözs TO26, Hungary View
I1885 Middle Neolithic Vinča Culture, Hungary 5363 BCE Versend-Gilencsa, Hungary View
I1981 Chalcolithic Spain 3013 BCE Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera, Spain View
I2351 Chalcolithic Balaton-Lasinja Culture, Hungary 4300 BCE Tolna-Mözs TO3, Hungary View
I2352 Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture, Hungary 4900 BCE Veszprém Jutasi út, Hungary View
I2353 Early Chalcolithic Tiszapolgár Culture, Hungary 4500 BCE Pusztataskony-Ledence I, Hungary View
I2354 Early Chalcolithic Tiszapolgár Culture, Hungary 4500 BCE Pusztataskony-Ledence I, Hungary View
I2355 Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Szakálhát Group, Hungary 5300 BCE Pusztataskony-Ledence I, Hungary View
I2356 Early Chalcolithic Tiszapolgár Culture, Hungary 4500 BCE Pusztataskony-Ledence I, Hungary View
I2357 Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Szakálhát Group, Hungary 5300 BCE Pusztataskony Ledence 1, Hungary View
I2358 Late Neolithic Tisza Culture, Hungary 5000 BCE Pusztataskony-Ledence I, Hungary View
I2359 Late Neolithic Tisza Culture, Hungary 5000 BCE Pusztataskony-Ledence I, Hungary View
I2368 Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary 3300 BCE Budakalász-Luppa csárda, Hungary View
I2369 Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary 3370 BCE Budakalász-Luppa csárda, Hungary View
I2370 Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary 3345 BCE Alsónémedi, Hungary View
I2371 Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary 3361 BCE Alsónémedi, Hungary View
I2374 Early Neolithic Körös Culture, Hungary 6000 BCE Törökszentmiklos Tiszapüspöki Karanycs haromag 3. lh., Hungary View
I2375 Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Tiszadob Group, Hungary 5300 BCE Tiszadob-Ó-Kenéz, Hungary View
I2376 Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Tiszadob Group, Hungary 5300 BCE Tiszadob-Ó-Kenéz, Hungary View
I2377 Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Tiszadob Group, Hungary 5210 BCE Tiszadob-Ó-Kenéz, Hungary View
I2378 Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Tiszadob Group, Hungary 5300 BCE Hejőkürt-Lidl logisztikai központ, Hungary View
I2379 Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Tiszadob Group, Hungary 5209 BCE Hejőkürt-Lidl logisztikai központ, Hungary View
I2380 Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Szatmár Group, Hungary 5500 BCE Mezőkövesd-Mocsolyás, Hungary View
I2382 Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Szatmár Group, Hungary 5500 BCE Mezőkövesd-Mocsolyás, Hungary View
I2383 Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5300 BCE Hajdúnánás-Eszlári út, Hungary View
I2387 Late Neolithic Tisza Culture, Hungary 5000 BCE Hódmezővásárhely-Kökénydomb Vörös tanya, Hungary View
I2394 Chalcolithic Balaton-Lasinja Culture, Hungary 4341 BCE Veszprém Jutasi út, Hungary View
I2395 Early Chalcolithic Tiszapolgár Culture, Hungary 4500 BCE Pusztataskony-Ledence I, Hungary View
I0056 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5211 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I0100 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5205 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2014 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5204 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2020 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2022 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I3270 Chalcolithic Spain 3000 BCE Basque Country. Alava. Las Yurdinas II, Spain View
I3271 Chalcolithic Spain 3000 BCE Basque Country. Alava. Las Yurdinas II, Spain View
I3272 Chalcolithic Spain 3307 BCE Basque Country. Alava. La Chabola de la Hechicera, Spain View
I3269 Chalcolithic Spain 3000 BCE Basque Country. Alava. Las Yurdinas II, Spain View
I4181 Middle Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5300 BCE Bölcske-Gyűrűsvölgy, Hungary View
I4183 Late Neolithic Sopot Culture, Hungary 4928 BCE Szemely-Hegyes, Hungary View
I4184 Late Neolithic Sopot Culture, Hungary 4932 BCE Szemely-Hegyes, Hungary View
I4185 Late Neolithic Sopot Culture, Hungary 5026 BCE Alsónyék-Elkerülö 2, Hungary View
I4186 Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Esztár Group, Hungary 5300 BCE Ebes-Sajtgyár, Hungary View
I4187 Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Esztár Group, Hungary 5300 BCE Ebes-Zsongvölgy, Hungary View
I4189 Chalcolithic Balaton-Lasinja Culture, Hungary 4300 BCE Alsónyék. site 11, Hungary View
I4196 Middle Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5300 BCE Budakeszi. Szőlőskert-Tangazdaság, Hungary View
I4199 Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Tiszadob Group, Hungary 5300 BCE Tiszadob-Ó-Kenéz, Hungary View
I1594 Middle Neolithic Blatterhohle, Germany 3338 BCE Blatterhole Cave, Germany View
I1838 Chalcolithic Spain 3356 BCE Basque Country. Alava. Las Yurdinas II, Spain View
I1843 Chalcolithic Spain 3015 BCE Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera, Spain View
I1887 Middle Neolithic Vinča Culture, Hungary 5400 BCE Versend-Gilencsa, Hungary View
I1889 Middle Neolithic Vinča Culture, Hungary 5205 BCE Szederkény-Kukorica-dülö, Hungary View
I1890 Late Neolithic Sopot Culture, Hungary 5100 BCE Fajsz Garadomb, Hungary View
I1891 Late Neolithic Sopot Culture, Hungary 5203 BCE Fajsz Garadomb, Hungary View
I1894 Middle Neolithic Vinča Culture, Hungary 5400 BCE Versend-Gilencsa, Hungary View
I1896 Middle Neolithic Vinča Culture, Hungary 5317 BCE Szederkény-Kukorica-dülö, Hungary View
I1899 Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture, Hungary 4900 BCE Veszprém Jutasi út, Hungary View
I1900 Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture, Hungary 4797 BCE Veszprém Jutasi út, Hungary View
I1901 Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture, Hungary 4900 BCE Veszprém Jutasi út, Hungary View
I1903 Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture, Hungary 4900 BCE Bátaszék-Lajvér, Hungary View
I1906 Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture, Hungary 4900 BCE Csabdi-Télizöldes, Hungary View
I1908 Chalcolithic Balaton-Lasinja Culture, Hungary 4300 BCE Keszthely-Fenékpuszta. Pusztaszentegyházi-dűlő, Hungary View
I1909 Chalcolithic Balaton-Lasinja Culture, Hungary 4239 BCE Lánycsók. Csata-alja, Hungary View
I1972 Early Neolithic Spain 4836 BCE Burgos. El Prado de Pancorbo, Spain View
I1975 Chalcolithic Spain 3092 BCE Basque Country. Alava. La Chabola de la Hechicera, Spain View
I2743 Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Szakálhát Group, Hungary 5300 BCE Cegléd. site 4/1, Hungary View
I2744 Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Szakálhát Group, Hungary 5300 BCE Cegléd. site 4/1, Hungary View
I2745 Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Szakálhát Group, Hungary 5300 BCE Cegléd. site 4/1, Hungary View
I2746 Late Neolithic Tisza Culture, Hungary 5000 BCE Vésztő-Mágor, Hungary View
I2752 Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary 3600 BCE Balatonlelle-Felső-Gamász, Hungary View
I2753 Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary 3333 BCE Balatonlelle-Felső-Gamász, Hungary View
I2754 Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary 3338 BCE Balatonlelle-Felső-Gamász, Hungary View
I2755 Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary 3600 BCE Balatonlelle-Felső-Gamász, Hungary View
I2763 Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary 3363 BCE Vörs, Hungary View
I2783 Middle Chalcolithic Hunyadihalom Culture, Hungary 4228 BCE Nemesnádudvar-Papföld. M9/7 lh., Hungary View
I2785 Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary 3600 BCE Vámosgyörk MHAT telep, Hungary View
I2788 Late Chalcolithic Proto-Boleráz Culture, Hungary 3910 BCE Abony. Turjányos-dűlő, Hungary View
I2789 Late Chalcolithic Proto-Boleráz Culture, Hungary 3800 BCE Abony. Turjányos-dűlő, Hungary View
I4971 Early Neolithic Hunter-Gatherer Körös Culture, Hungary 5737 BCE Tiszaszőlős-Domaháza, Hungary View
I4972 Early Neolithic Körös Culture, Hungary 6000 BCE Tiszaszőlős-Domaháza, Hungary View
I5838 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I2794 Early Neolithic Körös Culture, Hungary 5713 BCE Törökszentmiklós. road 4. site 3, Hungary View
I1880 Early Neolithic Starčevo Culture 2, Hungary 5800 BCE Lánycsók. Gata-Csatola, Hungary View
I0166 Neolithic Germany 4600 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2373 Early Neolithic Körös Culture, Hungary 6000 BCE Törökszentmiklos Tiszapüspöki Karanycs haromag 3. lh., Hungary View
I3276 Chalcolithic Spain 3096 BCE Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera, Spain View
I3273 Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3606 BCE Basque Country. Alava. La Chabola de la Hechicera, Spain View
I2790 Late Chalcolithic Proto-Boleráz Culture, Hungary 3768 BCE Abony. Turjányos-dűlő, Hungary View
I1907 Chalcolithic Balaton-Lasinja Culture, Hungary 4334 BCE Enese elkerülő. Kóny. Proletár-dülö. M85. Site 2, Hungary View
I2793 Early Chalcolithic Tiszapolgár-Bodrogkeresztúr Culture, Hungary 4442 BCE Törökszentmiklós. road 4. site 3, Hungary View
I2367 Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary 3333 BCE Budakalász-Luppa csárda, Hungary View
I2791 Late Chalcolithic Proto-Boleráz Culture, Hungary 3649 BCE Abony. Turjányos-dűlő, Hungary View
I2366 Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary 3340 BCE Budakalász-Luppa csárda, Hungary View
I1877 Early Neolithic Starčevo Culture 2, Hungary 5713 BCE Alsonyek-Bataszek. Mérnöki telep, Hungary View
I2739 Middle Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5307 BCE Alsónyék-Bátaszék. site 11, Hungary View
I1878 Early Neolithic Starčevo Culture 1, Hungary 5830 BCE Alsonyek-Bataszek. Mérnöki telep, Hungary View
I1895 Middle Neolithic Vinča Culture, Hungary 5318 BCE Szederkény-Kukorica-dülö, Hungary View
I2384 Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5305 BCE Hajdúnánás-Eszlári út, Hungary View
I1905 Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture, Hungary 4834 BCE Csabdi-Télizöldes, Hungary View
I4188 Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5300 BCE Polgár-Piócás, Hungary View
I3535 Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5217 BCE Hajdúnánás-Eszlári út, Hungary View
I3537 Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Szatmár Group, Hungary 5479 BCE Mezőkövesd-Mocsolyás, Hungary View
I1902 Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture, Hungary 4900 BCE Felsőörs-Bárókert, Hungary View
I0447 Late Neolithic Tisza Culture, Hungary 5000 BCE Hódmezővásárhely-Gorzsa. grave 4, Hungary View
I3536 Middle Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5300 BCE Enese elkerülő. Kóny. Proletár-dülö. M85. Site 2, Hungary View
I0046 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5211 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I0659 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5210 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I0821 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5205 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I1550 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2030 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I0048 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5210 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2036 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I0057 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5215 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2038 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5350 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2032 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2029 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5299 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2037 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5210 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2026 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2008 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5211 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2016 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2017 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2021 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2005 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5299 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I0447 5000 BCE Hódmezővásárhely-Gorzsa. grave 4, Hungary View
I2373 6000 BCE Törökszentmiklos Tiszapüspöki Karanycs haromag 3. lh., Hungary View
I1877 5713 BCE Alsonyek-Bataszek. Mérnöki telep, Hungary View
I3535 5217 BCE Hajdúnánás-Eszlári út, Hungary View
I3536 5300 BCE Enese elkerülő. Kóny. Proletár-dülö. M85. Site 2, Hungary View
I3537 5479 BCE Mezőkövesd-Mocsolyás, Hungary View
I4188 5300 BCE Polgár-Piócás, Hungary View
I0018 5307 BCE Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart-Mühlhausen. Viesenhaeuser Hof, Germany View
I2739 5307 BCE Alsónyék-Bátaszék. site 11, Hungary View
I2790 3768 BCE Abony. Turjányos-dűlő, Hungary View
I2791 3649 BCE Abony. Turjányos-dűlő, Hungary View
I2793 4442 BCE Törökszentmiklós. road 4. site 3, Hungary View
I1895 5318 BCE Szederkény-Kukorica-dülö, Hungary View
I1902 4900 BCE Felsőörs-Bárókert, Hungary View
I1905 4834 BCE Csabdi-Télizöldes, Hungary View
I1907 4334 BCE Enese elkerülő. Kóny. Proletár-dülö. M85. Site 2, Hungary View
I1878 5830 BCE Alsonyek-Bataszek. Mérnöki telep, Hungary View
I2366 3340 BCE Budakalász-Luppa csárda, Hungary View
I2367 3333 BCE Budakalász-Luppa csárda, Hungary View
I2384 5305 BCE Hajdúnánás-Eszlári út, Hungary View
I0046 5211 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I0659 5210 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I0048 5210 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I1550 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I0821 5205 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I0057 5215 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2005 5299 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2008 5211 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2016 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2017 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2021 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2026 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2029 5299 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2030 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2032 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2036 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2037 5210 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I2038 5350 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I3273 3606 BCE Basque Country. Alava. La Chabola de la Hechicera, Spain View
I3276 3096 BCE Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera, Spain View
I2357 5300 BCE Pusztataskony Ledence 1, Hungary View
I2373 6000 BCE Törökszentmiklos Tiszapüspöki Karanycs haromag 3. lh., Hungary View
Sample ID Culture/Period Date Location Action
I1560 Middle Neolithic Germany 3800 BCE Erwitte-Schmerlecke, Germany View
Ancient Genetic Admixture

Ancient genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (I1560) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles ancient populations from different geographic regions.

Western Steppe Pastoralists 53%
European Hunter-Gatherers 36%
Neolithic Farmers 12%
Modern Genetic Admixture

Modern genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (I1560) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles modern populations from different geographic regions.

These results complement the ancient ancestry components shown in the previous section, offering a different perspective on the individual's genetic profile by comparing it with modern reference populations rather than prehistoric ancestral groups.

Europe 80%
Southern European 62%
Iberian 42.2%
Sardinian 19.6%
Northwestern European 19%
Finnish 16.0%
Northwestern European 2.7%
Asia 18%
Northern West Asian 18%
Cypriot 12.8%
Anatolian 5.1%
Africa 1%
North African 1%
North African 0.9%
Oceania 1%
Melanesian 1%
Papuan 0.8%
G25 Coordinates

The G25 coordinates for the sample I1560 are as follows. You can analyze its admixture using G25 Studio.

I1560,0.11040782,0.1270754,0.02497166,0.01945692,0.0631851,-0.03727702,-0.00083418,0.00487204,0.02345754,0.03909428,-0.0087489,0.01242716,-0.02119898,-0.0099407,0.00684374,-0.00071706,-0.00867594,-0.00142162,-0.00079632,-0.00231898,0.005431,0.0047406,-0.01031614,-0.00898932,0.00200268
Analyze it in G25 Studio
Scientific Papers References
Parallel palaeogenomic transects reveal complex genetic history of early European farmers
Authors:
Lipson M, Szécsényi-Nagy A, Mallick S
Abstract:

Ancient DNA studies have established that Neolithic European populations were descended from Anatolian migrants who received a limited amount of admixture from resident hunter-gatherers. Many open questions remain, however, about the spatial and temporal dynamics of population interactions and admixture during the Neolithic period. Here we investigate the population dynamics of Neolithization across Europe using a high-resolution genome-wide ancient DNA dataset with a total of 180 samples, of which 130 are newly reported here, from the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods of Hungary (6000-2900 bc, n = 100), Germany (5500-3000 bc, n = 42) and Spain (5500-2200 bc, n = 38). We find that genetic diversity was shaped predominantly by local processes, with varied sources and proportions of hunter-gatherer ancestry among the three regions and through time. Admixture between groups with different ancestry profiles was pervasive and resulted in observable population transformation across almost all cultural transitions. Our results shed new light on the ways in which gene flow reshaped European populations throughout the Neolithic period and demonstrate the potential of time-series-based sampling and modelling approaches to elucidate multiple dimensions of historical population interactions.

Link:
View Publication
Save 85% coupon: DNADAY85

Valid until April 25 2025