A woman buried in Spain in the Copper Age era

I1281
Portrait reconstruction
Disclaimer: The portrait shown is a speculative reconstruction and not the actual face of the ancient sample. It represents an artistic interpretation based on archaeological data.
Specimen Details
Sample ID:
I1281
Date:
2867 BCE - 2573 BCE
Biological Sex:
Female
mtDNA:
H1t
Y-DNA:
Not applicable
Cultural Period:
Chalcolithic Spain
Location
Country:
Spain
Locality:
Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave
Coordinates:
42.3333, -3.5000
Map Location
Historical Timeline
Description

The Chalcolithic period, also known as the Copper Age, represents a transitional phase between the Neolithic (New Stone Age) and the Bronze Age, characterized by the first use of metal tools and weapons. In Iberian Chalcolithic or Chalcolithic Spain, this era is particularly significant as it marks a period of social, technological, and cultural transformation that laid the groundwork for subsequent developments in the Iberian Peninsula.

Chronology and Geography

The Chalcolithic period in the Iberian Peninsula roughly spans from 3000 to 1800 BCE, although the exact dates may vary regionally due to the diversity of cultural developments across the area. The Iberian Chalcolithic culture was widespread across modern-day Spain and Portugal, with notable concentrations in regions such as Andalusia, Extremadura, and central and eastern parts of the peninsula.

Technological Innovations

The hallmark of the Chalcolithic period is the emergence of metalworking, particularly with copper. While stone tools continued to be predominant for numerous functions, the advent of metalwork introduced new tool types, such as axes, blades, and ornaments, indicating both utilitarian and ceremonial uses. The knowledge of metallurgy, although initially basic, laid important foundations for the subsequent Bronze Age.

Settlements and Architecture

Settlements during the Iberian Chalcolithic period became more complex, with a mix of small hamlets, larger fortified villages, and even the first proto-urban centers. One of the most notable sites is Los Millares in Almería, southern Spain, characterized by its impressive fortifications, multiple concentric walls, and complex, densely packed houses. This site, along with others like Vila Nova de São Pedro in Portugal, showcases advanced organizational and construction skills, reflecting emerging social hierarchies.

Social Structure

The Chalcolithic era is marked by increasing social stratification. This is evidenced by the differentiation in grave goods found in burial sites, suggesting a society with distinct social classes and roles. The appearance of megalithic tombs and the prevalence of grave goods indicate the importance of social status, and possibly the emergence of a priestly or ruling class that wielded both religious and secular power.

Economy and Subsistence

Agriculture continued to evolve with a mixed economy of farming and herding. Crops such as barley, wheat, and legumes were commonly cultivated, while the domestication of animals, including cattle, sheep, and goats, remained integral. The Chalcolithic economy also saw an expansion in trade networks, as evidenced by the distribution of exotic materials like amber and ivory, indicating far-reaching contacts across Europe and the Mediterranean.

Cultural and Ritual Practices

Chalcolithic Spain is noted for its rich cultural and ritualistic life. The construction of large megalithic monuments, such as dolmens and menhirs, points to sophisticated ceremonial practices possibly related to ancestor worship or cosmology. Art from this period includes pottery with intricate designs and engravings on rock surfaces, hinting at symbolic or narrative expressions.

Challenges and Declines

The end of the Chalcolithic period saw several challenges that may have precipitated changes leading into the Bronze Age. Environmental changes, resource depletion, and social tensions within increasingly stratified societies could have led to competition and conflict, catalyzing further societal transformations.

Conclusion

The Iberian Chalcolithic era was a vibrant and dynamic period marked by significant advancements that would critically shape the trajectory of prehistoric Iberia. Its legacy is seen in the technological innovations, social complexity, and artistic expressions that laid a foundation for the subsequent cultural blossoming in the Bronze Age. This period remains a fascinating field of study for archaeologists and historians, offering insights into early European societies' adaptability and ingenuity.

Related Samples
Sample ID Culture/Period Date Location Action
I0234 Srubnaya Culture 1850 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara Steppes. Rozhdestveno I, Russia View
I0126 Middle Bronze Poltavka 2867 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Kutuluk River. Kutuluk III, Russia View
I0432 Middle Bronze Poltavka 2925 BCE Samara Oblast. Sok River. Potapovka I, Russia View
I0434 Eneolithic Khvalynsk Culture, Russia 5198 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Khvalynsk II, Russia View
I0433 Eneolithic Khvalynsk Culture, Russia 4697 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Khvalynsk II, Russia View
I0122 Eneolithic Khvalynsk Culture, Russia 4936 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Khvalynsk II, Russia View
I0124 Hunter-Gatherer Samara, Russia 5660 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lebyazhinka, Russia View
I0370 Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya 3300 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Eastern Orenburg. Pre-Ural steppe. Ishkinovka I, Russia View
I0441 Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya 3010 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Buzuluk. Kurmanaevka III, Russia View
I0444 Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya 3335 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Kutuluk River. Kutuluk, Russia View
I0439 Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya 3322 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino I, Russia View
I0357 Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya 3093 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino I, Russia View
I0429 Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya 3339 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino I, Russia View
I1282 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I1302 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I1276 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I1284 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I1274 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I1280 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I1314 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I1277 Chalcolithic Spain 2570 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I1272 Chalcolithic Spain 2857 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I1281 Chalcolithic Spain 2867 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I1300 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I0807 Middle Neolithic Baalberge Culture, Germany 3977 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
I0559 Middle Neolithic Baalberge Culture, Germany 3646 BCE Quedlinburg Site IX, Germany View
I0560 Middle Neolithic Baalberge Culture, Germany 3637 BCE Quedlinburg Site IX, Germany View
I1546 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Benzingerode-Heimburg, Germany View
I0806 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2433 BCE Quedlinburg Site VII, Germany View
I0805 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2465 BCE Quedlinburg Site VII, Germany View
I0113 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2396 BCE Quedlinburg Site XII, Germany View
I0112 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2455 BCE Quedlinburg Site XII, Germany View
I1530 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2456 BCE Rothenschirmbach, Germany View
I0111 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2474 BCE Rothenschirmbach, Germany View
I0108 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2575 BCE Rothenschirmbach, Germany View
I0171 Late Neolithic Benzigerode-Heimburg, Germany 2288 BCE Benzingerode-Heimburg, Germany View
I0059 Late Neolithic Benzigerode-Heimburg, Germany 2343 BCE Benzingerode-Heimburg, Germany View
I1542 Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
I1536 Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
I1544 Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
I1538 Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
I1539 Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2630 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
I0106 Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2461 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
I1540 Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
I1541 Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
I1532 Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
I0049 Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2463 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
I0211 Hunter-Gatherer Karelia, Russia 7050 BCE Karelia. Yuzhnyy Oleni Ostrov, Russia View
I0061 Hunter-Gatherer Karelia, Russia 7050 BCE Karelia. Yuzhnyy Oleni Ostrov, Russia View
I0550 Late Neolithic Karsdorf, Germany 2572 BCE Karsdorf, Germany View
I0797 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Karsdorf, Germany View
I0795 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5215 BCE Karsdorf, Germany View
I0176 Middle Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5209 BCE Szemely-Hegyes, Hungary View
I0551 Middle Neolithic Salzmuende Culture, Germany 3400 BCE Salzmünde-Schiepzig, Germany View
I0409 Early Neolithic Spain 5312 BCE Els Trocs, Spain View
I0411 Early Neolithic Spain 5298 BCE Els Trocs, Spain View
I0405 Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3900 BCE La Mina, Spain View
I0174 Early Neolithic Starčevo Culture 1, Hungary 5712 BCE Alsonyek-Bataszek. Mérnöki telep, Hungary View
I0115 Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Germany 1959 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
I0117 Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Germany 2276 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
I0804 Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Germany 2139 BCE Eulau, Germany View
I0803 Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Germany 2135 BCE Eulau, Germany View
I0164 Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Germany 2027 BCE Quedlinburg Site VIII, Germany View
I0114 Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Germany 2141 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
I0022 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart-Mühlhausen. Viesenhaeuser Hof, Germany View
I0026 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart-Mühlhausen. Viesenhaeuser Hof, Germany View
I0013 Hunter-Gatherer Motala, Sweden 5966 BCE Motala. Kanaljorden, Sweden View
I0011 Hunter-Gatherer Motala, Sweden 5721 BCE Motala. Kanaljorden, Sweden View
I0015 Hunter-Gatherer Motala, Sweden 5967 BCE Motala. Kanaljorden, Sweden View
I0012 Hunter-Gatherer Motala, Sweden 5715 BCE Motala. Kanaljorden, Sweden View
I0014 Hunter-Gatherer Motala, Sweden 5885 BCE Motala. Kanaljorden, Sweden View
I0017 Hunter-Gatherer Motala, Sweden 5722 BCE Motala. Kanaljorden, Sweden View
I1508 Early Neolithic Körös Culture, Hungary 5716 BCE Berettyóújfalu-Morotva-Liget, Hungary View
I1500 Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5301 BCE Kompolt-Kigyoser, Hungary View
I1100 Neolithic Turkey 6500 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
I1102 Neolithic Turkey 6500 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
I1099 Neolithic Turkey 6500 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
I1103 Neolithic Turkey 6500 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
I1101 Neolithic Turkey 6500 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
I1097 Neolithic Turkey 6420 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
I0744 Neolithic Turkey 6400 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
I1096 Neolithic Turkey 6500 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
I1098 Neolithic Turkey 6419 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
I0708 Neolithic Turkey 6224 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
I0745 Neolithic Turkey 6387 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
I0746 Neolithic Turkey 6070 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
I0707 Neolithic Turkey 6225 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
I0709 Neolithic Turkey 6223 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
I0725 Neolithic Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
I0736 Neolithic Turkey 6500 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
I1499 Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Bükk Group, Hungary 5286 BCE Garadna, Hungary View
I1502 Early Bronze Age Makó Culture, Hungary 2195 BCE Kompolt-Kigyoser, Hungary View
I1497 Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary 3320 BCE Apc-Berekalya I, Hungary View
I1495 Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture, Hungary 4496 BCE Apc-Berekalya I, Hungary View
I1498 Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5297 BCE Debrecen Tocopart Erdoalja, Hungary View
I1507 Early Neolithic Hunter-Gatherer Körös Culture, Hungary 5788 BCE Tiszaszolos-Domaháza, Hungary View
I1496 Middle Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5211 BCE Apc-Berekalya I, Hungary View
I1505 Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5210 BCE Polgár-Ferenci hát. M3-31, Hungary View
I1271 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I1303 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I1549 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Benzingerode-Heimburg, Germany View
I0407 Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3900 BCE La Mina, Spain View
I0025 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart-Mühlhausen. Viesenhaeuser Hof, Germany View
I0247 Questionable Iron Age Scythian, Russia 385 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Volga Steppes. Nadezhdinka, Russia View
I0423 Srubnaya Culture 1850 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Barinovka I, Russia View
I0443 Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya 3300 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino II, Russia View
I0726 Neolithic Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
I0103 Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2617 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
I0172 Middle Neolithic Esperstedt, Germany 3363 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
I0408 Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3895 BCE La Mina, Spain View
I0412 Early Neolithic Spain 5309 BCE Els Trocs, Spain View
I0054 Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5216 BCE Unterwiederstedt, Germany View
I0104 Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2563 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
I0116 Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Germany 2137 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
I0118 Late Neolithic Alberstedt, Germany 2469 BCE Alberstedt, Germany View
I0406 Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3900 BCE La Mina, Spain View
I0410 Early Neolithic Spain 5298 BCE Els Trocs, Spain View
I0413 Early Neolithic Spain 5304 BCE Els Trocs, Spain View
I0235 Srubnaya Culture 1850 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara Steppes. Rozhdestveno I, Russia View
I0374 Middle Bronze Poltavka 2800 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Nikolaevka III, Russia View
I1583 Neolithic Turkey 6424 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
I0581 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I0440 Middle Bronze Poltavka 2887 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino II, Russia View
I0371 Middle Bronze Poltavka 2871 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Grachevka, Russia View
I0438 Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya 3020 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Luzkhi I, Russia View
I0418 Middle Bronze Poltavka 2131 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Utyevka VI, Russia View
I0099 Late Bronze Age Halberstadt, Germany 1202 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I0047 Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Germany 2116 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I1534 Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
I0060 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2404 BCE Rothenschirmbach, Germany View
I0723 Neolithic Turkey 6008 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
I0724 Neolithic Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
I0727 Neolithic Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
I1580 Neolithic Turkey 6381 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
I1581 Neolithic Turkey 6386 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
I1585 Neolithic Turkey 6217 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
I1579 Neolithic Turkey 6221 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
I0854 Neolithic Turkey 6228 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
I0581 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I0440 2887 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino II, Russia View
I0418 2131 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Utyevka VI, Russia View
I0438 3020 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Luzkhi I, Russia View
I0585 5982 BCE Leon. La Brana-Arintero, Spain View
I1534 2500 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
I1504 987 BCE Ludas-Varjú dűlő, Hungary View
I0099 1202 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I0047 2116 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
I1579 6221 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
I1581 6386 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
I1580 6381 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
I1585 6217 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
I1583 6424 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
I0727 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
I0724 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
I0854 6228 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
I0723 6008 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
I0371 2871 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Grachevka, Russia View
I0060 2404 BCE Rothenschirmbach, Germany View
Sample ID Culture/Period Date Location Action
I2467 Chalcolithic Spain 2474 BCE Basque Country. Alava. El Sotillo, Spain View
I1282 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I1302 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I1276 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I1284 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I1274 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I1280 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I1314 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I1277 Chalcolithic Spain 2570 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I1272 Chalcolithic Spain 2857 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I1281 Chalcolithic Spain 2867 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I1300 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I0462 Chalcolithic Spain 2569 BCE Burgos. Arroyal I, Spain View
I0460 Chalcolithic Spain 2460 BCE Burgos. Arroyal I, Spain View
I0459 Chalcolithic Spain 2600 BCE Burgos. Arroyal I, Spain View
I0457 Chalcolithic Spain 3000 BCE Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino, Spain View
I0456 Chalcolithic Spain 3000 BCE Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino, Spain View
I0455 Chalcolithic Spain 2905 BCE Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino, Spain View
I0263 Chalcolithic Spain 2850 BCE Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street, Spain View
I1553 Chalcolithic Spain 2850 BCE Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street, Spain View
I0825 Chalcolithic Spain 2471 BCE Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street, Spain View
I0260 Chalcolithic Spain 2850 BCE Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street, Spain View
I0261 Chalcolithic Spain 2850 BCE Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street, Spain View
I0823 Chalcolithic Spain 2850 BCE Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street, Spain View
I0258 Chalcolithic Spain 2850 BCE Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street, Spain View
I0262 Chalcolithic Spain 2850 BCE Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street, Spain View
I0257 Chalcolithic Spain 2573 BCE Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street, Spain View
I0826 Chalcolithic Spain 2835 BCE Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street, Spain View
I0458 Chalcolithic Spain 2456 BCE Burgos. Arroyal I, Spain View
I1271 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I1303 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I1981 Chalcolithic Spain 3013 BCE Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera, Spain View
I0461 Chalcolithic Spain 2453 BCE Burgos. Arroyal I, Spain View
I3270 Chalcolithic Spain 3000 BCE Basque Country. Alava. Las Yurdinas II, Spain View
I3271 Chalcolithic Spain 3000 BCE Basque Country. Alava. Las Yurdinas II, Spain View
I3272 Chalcolithic Spain 3307 BCE Basque Country. Alava. La Chabola de la Hechicera, Spain View
I3269 Chalcolithic Spain 3000 BCE Basque Country. Alava. Las Yurdinas II, Spain View
I4247 Chalcolithic Spain 2462 BCE Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain View
I1838 Chalcolithic Spain 3356 BCE Basque Country. Alava. Las Yurdinas II, Spain View
I1843 Chalcolithic Spain 3015 BCE Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera, Spain View
I1975 Chalcolithic Spain 3092 BCE Basque Country. Alava. La Chabola de la Hechicera, Spain View
I4565 Chalcolithic Spain 3022 BCE Tarragona. Galls Carboners, Spain View
I5838 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
I3238 Chalcolithic Spain 2500 BCE Asturias. Soto de las Regueras. Cueva de la Paloma, Spain View
I5665 Chalcolithic Spain 2283 BCE Ciempozuelos. Burgos. Virgazal, Spain View
I6475 Chalcolithic Spain 2500 BCE La Magdalena, Spain View
I6539 Chalcolithic Spain 2500 BCE Madrid. Humanejos, Spain View
I6543 Chalcolithic Spain 2600 BCE Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain View
I6584 Chalcolithic Spain 2500 BCE Madrid. Humanejos, Spain View
I6585 Chalcolithic Spain 2397 BCE Madrid. Humanejos, Spain View
I6587 Chalcolithic Spain 2500 BCE Madrid. Humanejos, Spain View
I6588 Chalcolithic Spain 2500 BCE Madrid. Humanejos, Spain View
I6604 Chalcolithic Spain 2130 BCE Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain View
I6605 Chalcolithic Spain 2474 BCE Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain View
I6610 Chalcolithic Spain 2008 BCE Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain View
I6612 Chalcolithic Spain 2600 BCE Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain View
I6613 Chalcolithic Spain 2600 BCE Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain View
I6617 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Madrid. Humanejos, Spain View
I6623 Chalcolithic Spain 2600 BCE Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain View
I6628 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Madrid. Humanejos, Spain View
I6629 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Madrid. Humanejos, Spain View
I6630 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Madrid. Humanejos, Spain View
I4245 Chalcolithic Spain 2461 BCE Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain View
I6472 Chalcolithic Spain 2500 BCE La Magdalena, Spain View
I6609 Chalcolithic Spain 2600 BCE Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain View
I3243 Chalcolithic Spain 2500 BCE Asturias. Soto de las Regueras. Cueva de la Paloma, Spain View
I1842 Chalcolithic Spain 3000 BCE Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Peñacerrada-Urizaharra. Las Yurdinas II, Spain View
I1845 Chalcolithic Spain 3100 BCE Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. Alto de la Huesera, Spain View
I1846 Chalcolithic Spain 3100 BCE Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. Alto de la Huesera, Spain View
I1978 Chalcolithic Spain 3100 BCE Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. Alto de la Huesera, Spain View
I7588 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain View
I7587 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain View
I8048 Chalcolithic Spain 2200 BCE Granada. Arenas del Rey, Spain View
I8132 Chalcolithic Spain 2600 BCE Valencian Community. València/Valencia. La Vital. Gandia, Spain View
I8141 Chalcolithic Spain 2200 BCE Granada. Arenas del Rey, Spain View
I8148 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain View
I8149 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain View
I8150 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain View
I8153 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain View
I8154 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain View
I8156 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain View
I8158 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain View
I8197 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain View
I8198 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain View
I8199 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain View
I8364 Chalcolithic Spain 2706 BCE Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain View
I8365 Chalcolithic Spain 2706 BCE Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain View
I8566 Chalcolithic Spain 3800 BCE Valencian Community. València/Valencia. La Font de la Figuera. Cova de Sant Gomengo, Spain View
I8569 Chalcolithic Spain 2872 BCE Valencian Community. Castelló/Castellón. Alcalá de Xivert. Cova dels Diablets, Spain View
I1976 Chalcolithic Spain 2571 BCE Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. El Sotillo, Spain View
I2473 Chalcolithic Spain 2916 BCE Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. El Sotillo, Spain View
I3239 Chalcolithic Spain 2500 BCE Asturias. Soto de las Regueras. Cueva de la Paloma, Spain View
I3277 Chalcolithic Spain 3150 BCE Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera, Spain View
I6622 Chalcolithic Spain 2600 BCE Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain View
I8131 Chalcolithic Spain 2576 BCE Valencian Community. València/Valencia. La Vital. Gandia, Spain View
EHU001 Chalcolithic Spain 2287 BCE Castilla y León. Burgos. Monasterio de Rodilla. El Hundido, Spain View
EHU002 Chalcolithic Spain 2564 BCE Castilla y León. Burgos. Monasterio de Rodilla. El Hundido, Spain View
atp016 Chalcolithic Spain 3265 BCE Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain View
atp002 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain View
atp12-1420 Chalcolithic Spain 3011 BCE Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain View
I3276 Chalcolithic Spain 3096 BCE Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera, Spain View
por002 Chalcolithic Spain 3336 BCE Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain View
I6542 Chalcolithic Spain 2600 BCE Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain View
I0581 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
por004 Chalcolithic Spain 3096 BCE Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain View
I6608 Chalcolithic Spain 2025 BCE Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain View
ATP7 Chalcolithic Spain 3345 BCE El Portalon Cave. Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain View
ATP17 Chalcolithic Spain 3008 BCE El Portalon Cave. Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain View
I6596 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Madrid. Humanejos, Spain View
ATP3 Chalcolithic Spain 3516 BCE El Portalon Cave. Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain View
I6471 Chalcolithic Spain 2500 BCE La Magdalena, Spain View
I8140 Chalcolithic Spain 2121 BCE Granada. Monachil, Spain View
ATP20 Chalcolithic Spain 2291 BCE El Portalon Cave. Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain View
I8155 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain View
I6626 Chalcolithic Spain 2600 BCE Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain View
I6589 Chalcolithic Spain 2500 BCE Madrid. Humanejos, Spain View
I8157 Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain View
Ancient Genetic Admixture

Ancient genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (I1281) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles ancient populations from different geographic regions.

Neolithic Farmers 67%
Western Steppe Pastoralists 19%
European Hunter-Gatherers 12%
Ancient Asians 2%
Modern Genetic Admixture

Modern genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (I1281) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles modern populations from different geographic regions.

These results complement the ancient ancestry components shown in the previous section, offering a different perspective on the individual's genetic profile by comparing it with modern reference populations rather than prehistoric ancestral groups.

Europe 98%
Southern European 97%
Iberian 59.2%
Sardinian 30.7%
Italian 7.0%
Northwestern European 1%
Northwestern European 1.4%
Africa 1%
North African 1%
North African 1.1%
Asia 0%
Northern West Asian 0%
G25 Coordinates

The G25 coordinates for the sample I1281 are as follows. You can analyze its admixture using G25 Studio.

I1281,0.10010996,0.15366288,0.03065032,-0.0171922,0.04179724,-0.00990652,-0.00274602,0.00554514,0.0371233,0.03105448,-0.00477534,0.00521458,-0.00628586,-0.00461692,0.01160366,0.00401532,-0.0201118,-0.00152302,-0.00222296,0.00462964,0.00987128,0.00985732,-0.00987002,-0.00915744,0.00034828
Analyze it in G25 Studio
Scientific Papers References
Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians
Authors:
Mathieson I, Lazaridis I, Rohland N
Abstract:

Ancient DNA makes it possible to observe natural selection directly by analysing samples from populations before, during and after adaptation events. Here we report a genome-wide scan for selection using ancient DNA, capitalizing on the largest ancient DNA data set yet assembled: 230 West Eurasians who lived between 6500 and 300 bc, including 163 with newly reported data. The new samples include, to our knowledge, the first genome-wide ancient DNA from Anatolian Neolithic farmers, whose genetic material we obtained by extracting from petrous bones, and who we show were members of the population that was the source of Europe's first farmers. We also report a transect of the steppe region in Samara between 5600 and 300 bc, which allows us to identify admixture into the steppe from at least two external sources. We detect selection at loci associated with diet, pigmentation and immunity, and two independent episodes of selection on height.

Link:
View Publication
Save 85% coupon: DNADAY85

Valid until April 25 2025