A man buried in Germany in the Bronze Age era

I0806
Portrait reconstruction
Disclaimer: The portrait shown is a speculative reconstruction and not the actual face of the ancient sample. It represents an artistic interpretation based on archaeological data.
Specimen Details
Sample ID:
I0806
Date:
2433 BCE - 2147 BCE
Biological Sex:
Male
mtDNA:
H1*
Y-DNA:
R1b1a2a1a2
Cultural Period:
Bell Beaker Culture, Germany
Location
Country:
Germany
Locality:
Quedlinburg Site VII
Coordinates:
51.7900, 11.1400
Map Location
Historical Timeline
Description

The Bell Beaker Culture, a major prehistoric phenomenon during the late Neolithic to early Bronze Age, approximately dated from 2800 to 1800 BCE, marks a significant period in European prehistory, including regions of present-day Germany. The culture is named after its distinctive, inverted-bell-shaped pottery, which is considered a hallmark of its material culture. The Bell Beaker Culture was not homogeneous but rather a collection of communities with shared traits across Europe, having significant local variations, especially evident in the German context.

Distribution and Arrival in Germany

In Germany, the Bell Beaker Culture emerged around 2500 BCE, primarily in western and southern regions like the Rhineland and Bavaria. This culture was initially distributed along rivers and fertile areas, which facilitated trade, communication, and cultural exchange. It gradually spread through well-connected routes that linked different communities, contributing to its wide geographic scope.

Material Culture

Pottery

The most iconic artifact of the Bell Beaker Culture is its pottery. The bell-shaped beakers were intricately decorated with cord, comb, and incision techniques, featuring geometric designs that varied regionally. In Germany, these pots were often found in burial sites, suggesting a ritualistic significance tied to funerary practices.

Metallurgy and Toolmaking

The Bell Beaker period witnessed significant advancements in metallurgy. Bell Beaker peoples in Germany utilized copper and, eventually, bronze to craft weapons, tools, and ornaments. Small copper daggers, flat axes, and archery equipment, such as arrowheads and wrist guards, are typical finds. These items indicate both practical and symbolic uses, possibly signifying status or identity.

Economy and Settlement

The economy of the Bell Beaker communities relied on a mix of agriculture, hunting, and gathering. Evidence from archaeological sites suggests that they cultivated cereal crops and kept livestock such as cattle, sheep, and goats. Settlements were often small and dispersed, composed of temporary structures that facilitated a semi-nomadic lifestyle, perhaps indicating a reliance on seasonal cycles and resource availability.

Burial Practices

Burial customs provide significant insights into Bell Beaker society. In Germany, inhumation was the dominant practice, with bodies typically placed in a crouched position, often oriented in a specific direction. These graves frequently contained grave goods like pottery, tools, and ornaments, reflecting the potential social status, gender, and roles of the deceased.

Social Structure

The Bell Beaker Culture in Germany likely consisted of relatively egalitarian communities with emerging social stratification, as implied by the diversity in grave goods and burial elaborateness. The presence of weapons and personal ornaments suggests a society where individual achievements or roles, such as warriors or leaders, may have been recognized.

Cultural Interactions and Mobility

The widespread distribution of Bell Beaker artifacts across Europe, including Germany, suggests a high degree of mobility and interaction between communities. Scholars debate whether this spread was due to migrations or cultural diffusion; however, the presence of consistent artifact styles and burial rites implies both considerable movement of peoples and cultural exchange.

Legacy

The Bell Beaker Culture played a crucial role in the transition to the subsequent Early Bronze Age in Germany. It set the stage for cultural developments by contributing to technological innovations and laying networks of trade and social complexity. Its influence can be traced in the cultural and genetic landscapes, indicating that the Bell Beaker populations were instrumental in disseminating new ideas and practices across Europe.

In summary, the Bell Beaker Culture in Germany represents a pivotal moment characterized by distinctive material culture, economic adaptation, and intricate social practices. Despite regional variations, it contributed significantly to the socio-cultural dynamics of prehistoric Europe, underpinning the emergence of Bronze Age societies.

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Sample ID Culture/Period Date Location Action
I1546 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Benzingerode-Heimburg, Germany View
I0806 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2433 BCE Quedlinburg Site VII, Germany View
I0805 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2465 BCE Quedlinburg Site VII, Germany View
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I0112 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2455 BCE Quedlinburg Site XII, Germany View
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I0111 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2474 BCE Rothenschirmbach, Germany View
I0108 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2575 BCE Rothenschirmbach, Germany View
I1549 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Benzingerode-Heimburg, Germany View
I3600 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2300 BCE Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing, Germany View
I3601 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2300 BCE Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing, Germany View
I3588 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2300 BCE Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing, Germany View
I3589 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2300 BCE Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing, Germany View
I3590 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2341 BCE Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing, Germany View
I3594 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2300 BCE Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing, Germany View
I3592 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2456 BCE Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing, Germany View
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I3593 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2401 BCE Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing, Germany View
I5657 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Irlbach LKR, Germany View
I5660 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Irlbach LKR, Germany View
I3599 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2300 BCE Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing, Germany View
I4249 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2341 BCE Irlbach LKR, Germany View
I3604 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Bavaria. Künzing-Bruck. Lkr. Deggendorf, Germany View
I4250 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2441 BCE Irlbach LKR, Germany View
I5655 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Irlbach LKR, Germany View
I5663 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Irlbach LKR, Germany View
I3607 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Bavaria. Künzing-Bruck. Lkr. Deggendorf, Germany View
I3587 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2300 BCE Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing, Germany View
I3596 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2300 BCE Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing, Germany View
I4248 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Irlbach LKR, Germany View
RISE562 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2456 BCE Dingolfing-Landau (Bavaria, Landau an der Isar), Germany View
RISE563 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2573 BCE Osterhofen-Altenmarkt (Lower Bavaria, Deggendorf, Osterhofen), Germany View
RISE564 Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Osterhofen-Altenmarkt (Lower Bavaria, Deggendorf, Osterhofen), Germany View
Ancient Genetic Admixture

Ancient genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (I0806) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles ancient populations from different geographic regions.

Western Steppe Pastoralists 41%
European Hunter-Gatherers 33%
Neolithic Farmers 22%
Ancient Asians 4%
Modern Genetic Admixture

Modern genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (I0806) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles modern populations from different geographic regions.

These results complement the ancient ancestry components shown in the previous section, offering a different perspective on the individual's genetic profile by comparing it with modern reference populations rather than prehistoric ancestral groups.

Europe 86%
Northwestern European 61%
English 43.5%
Scandinavian 9.8%
Northwestern European 7.6%
Eastern European 25%
Eastern European 24.9%
Southern European 0%
Asia 14%
Northern West Asian 14%
Caucasian 13.8%
America 0%
America 0%
G25 Coordinates

The G25 coordinates for the sample I0806 are as follows. You can analyze its admixture using G25 Studio.

I0806,0.12804144,0.11129624,0.05799488,0.05448522,0.02709306,0.01694784,0.009756,0.00847038,-0.00599096,-0.01509596,-0.00109954,0.00107838,0.00051162,0.0002854,0.0145208,-0.00863372,-0.01543158,0.00029298,-0.00026366,-0.00239434,7.916E-05,0.0011107,-0.0013873,0.00480298,-0.00381536
Analyze it in G25 Studio
Scientific Papers References
Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians
Authors:
Mathieson I, Lazaridis I, Rohland N
Abstract:

Ancient DNA makes it possible to observe natural selection directly by analysing samples from populations before, during and after adaptation events. Here we report a genome-wide scan for selection using ancient DNA, capitalizing on the largest ancient DNA data set yet assembled: 230 West Eurasians who lived between 6500 and 300 bc, including 163 with newly reported data. The new samples include, to our knowledge, the first genome-wide ancient DNA from Anatolian Neolithic farmers, whose genetic material we obtained by extracting from petrous bones, and who we show were members of the population that was the source of Europe's first farmers. We also report a transect of the steppe region in Samara between 5600 and 300 bc, which allows us to identify admixture into the steppe from at least two external sources. We detect selection at loci associated with diet, pigmentation and immunity, and two independent episodes of selection on height.

Link:
View Publication
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