A man buried in Germany in the Late Bronze Age era

I0099
Portrait reconstruction
Disclaimer: The portrait shown is a speculative reconstruction and not the actual face of the ancient sample. It represents an artistic interpretation based on archaeological data.
Specimen Details
Sample ID:
I0099
Date:
1202 BCE - 940 BCE
Biological Sex:
Male
mtDNA:
H23*
Y-DNA:
R-FT6375
Cultural Period:
Late Bronze Age Halberstadt, Germany
Location
Country:
Germany
Locality:
Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld
Coordinates:
51.8958, 11.0467
Map Location
Historical Timeline
Description

The Late Bronze Age in Halberstadt, Germany, is a fascinating era that forms a part of the broader cultural developments occurring in Central Europe during this period, roughly spanning from 1300 to 800 BCE. This era is characterized by significant social, technological, and economic transformations, which are reflected in the archaeological findings from the region.

Geographical and Cultural Context

Halberstadt is located in the Harz mountain region of modern-day Germany, an area that served as a crossroads of cultural exchange during the Late Bronze Age. The broader region, known as Central Europe, was heavily influenced by the Urnfield culture, named after the practice of burying cremated remains in urns, which became a widespread funerary custom during this time.

Social Structure

The society in Late Bronze Age Halberstadt was increasingly stratified. Evidence from burial sites suggests a hierarchy, with certain graves indicating the presence of an elite class distinguished by opulent grave goods. These goods often included bronze weapons, ornaments, and intricately crafted pottery, highlighting the existence of skilled artisans and metalworkers within the society.

Economic and Technological Developments

The economy of Late Bronze Age Halberstadt was largely agrarian, but it also showed signs of burgeoning trade networks. The region was a part of extensive trade routes that facilitated the exchange of raw materials and finished goods across Central Europe. The presence of bronze artifacts and the spread of related technologies indicate a highly developed metallurgical industry. This era saw improvements in tool-making and weaponry, with the production of bronze axes, swords, and other implements that were both functional and symbolically significant.

Settlements and Architecture

Archaeological excavations reveal that Halberstadt and its surroundings had settled communities with semi-permanent structures. These settlements typically included wooden houses with thatched roofs, surrounded by small fortified enclosures. The layout of these communities suggests a degree of planning and organization, with communal areas for gatherings and possibly ritual activities.

Rituals and Beliefs

The Urnfield culture is particularly noted for its distinct funerary practices, which dominate our understanding of their spiritual and religious beliefs. Cremation and the subsequent burial of the ashes in urns was a significant ritual, perhaps indicative of beliefs in an afterlife or spiritual continuation. The placement of grave goods, such as personal items and weapons, suggests a belief in their utility in the afterlife or as status symbols.

Art and Culture

Artistic expression during this period is evident in the form of decorated pottery, personal ornaments, and the intricate designs on metalwork. These artistic endeavors not only served aesthetic purposes but also often held symbolic meanings, possibly related to status, identity, or religious practice.

Interaction and Influence

The location of Halberstadt in Central Europe positioned it within a network of cultural influence that extended beyond the immediate region. Archaeological evidence points to interactions with neighboring cultures, as evidenced by shared motifs and practices seen in distant regions. This era in Halberstadt exemplifies the dynamic interchange of ideas, technologies, and goods that characterized the Late Bronze Age in Europe.

In summary, the Late Bronze Age in Halberstadt, Germany, is defined by its complex societal structures, advanced metallurgical practices, and vibrant cultural expressions. As a microcosm of broader Central European developments, this period in Halberstadt reveals much about the adaptability, connectivity, and cultural innovations of its people.

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Sample ID Culture/Period Date Location Action
I0099 Late Bronze Age Halberstadt, Germany 1202 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Ancient Genetic Admixture

Ancient genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (I0099) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles ancient populations from different geographic regions.

Western Steppe Pastoralists 43%
European Hunter-Gatherers 42%
Neolithic Farmers 14%
Modern Genetic Admixture

Modern genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (I0099) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles modern populations from different geographic regions.

These results complement the ancient ancestry components shown in the previous section, offering a different perspective on the individual's genetic profile by comparing it with modern reference populations rather than prehistoric ancestral groups.

Europe 100%
Northwestern European 66%
English 33.1%
Scandinavian 21.7%
Northwestern European 11.0%
Southern European 18%
Balkan 9.2%
Iberian 6.6%
Italian 2.5%
Eastern European 16%
Eastern European 15.8%
Asia 0%
Central Asian, Northern Indian & Pakistani 0%
Africa 0%
Northern East African 0%
G25 Coordinates

The G25 coordinates for the sample I0099 are as follows. You can analyze its admixture using G25 Studio.

I0099,0.1262176,0.11783536,0.05545666,0.0497833,0.03175356,0.0209062,0.00026002,0.00527824,0.0021217,-0.0058053,-0.00401076,0.00083106,-0.00977846,-0.0055958,0.0192381,-0.00200272,-0.02026058,0.00333876,-0.00053238,-0.00467554,0.00107336,0.0036976,-0.00210838,0.01479272,0.00207703
Analyze it in G25 Studio
Scientific Papers References
Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians
Authors:
Mathieson I, Lazaridis I, Rohland N
Abstract:

Ancient DNA makes it possible to observe natural selection directly by analysing samples from populations before, during and after adaptation events. Here we report a genome-wide scan for selection using ancient DNA, capitalizing on the largest ancient DNA data set yet assembled: 230 West Eurasians who lived between 6500 and 300 bc, including 163 with newly reported data. The new samples include, to our knowledge, the first genome-wide ancient DNA from Anatolian Neolithic farmers, whose genetic material we obtained by extracting from petrous bones, and who we show were members of the population that was the source of Europe's first farmers. We also report a transect of the steppe region in Samara between 5600 and 300 bc, which allows us to identify admixture into the steppe from at least two external sources. We detect selection at loci associated with diet, pigmentation and immunity, and two independent episodes of selection on height.

Link:
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