A man buried in Italy in the Early Bronze Age era

RISE486
Portrait reconstruction
Disclaimer: The portrait shown is a speculative reconstruction and not the actual face of the ancient sample. It represents an artistic interpretation based on archaeological data.
Specimen Details
Sample ID:
RISE486
Date:
2136 BCE - 1771 BCE
Biological Sex:
Male
mtDNA:
J1c1b
Y-DNA:
I-PF6947
Cultural Period:
Early Bronze Age Remedello Culture, Northern Italy
Location
Country:
Italy
Locality:
Lombardy. Remedello di Sotto
Coordinates:
45.2600, 10.3790
Map Location
Historical Timeline
Description

The Early Bronze Age Remedello Culture, situated in Northern Italy and particularly linked with the area of Remedello in the province of Brescia, represents a significant phase in the prehistoric development of the Italian Peninsula. This culture, dated broadly from around 3500 to 2200 BCE, is positioned chronologically between the late Neolithic and the advent of more complex Bronze Age societies in Italy. It reflects an era characterized by transformative social, technological, and cultural dynamics in prehistoric Europe.

Geographic and Chronological Context

The Remedello Culture is primarily associated with the Po Valley region in Northern Italy, which provided a fertile landscape conducive to agricultural development. The culture itself takes its name from the large cemetery found at Remedello Sotto, near Brescia. Chronologically, the culture spans from the transition between the late Neolithic into the early phases of the Bronze Age, marking a period of significant development and change across Europe.

Cultural and Social Aspects

Burial Practices: The Remedello Culture is particularly notable for its funerary customs, which provide insight into its social structures and belief systems. The Remedello cemetery, with more than 100 tombs excavated, reveals both individual and collective burials. The presence of grave goods, such as flint tools, daggers, and ornaments, suggests a society with hierarchical structures where status could be identified through burial rites.

Settlement Patterns: The settlement structure of the Remedello people was likely fragmented and dispersed, comprising small villages or hamlets. Evidence suggests an emphasis on agriculture supplemented by hunting and gathering, utilizing the fertile plains of the Po Valley.

Economy and Subsistence: Agriculture was vital, with the cultivation of cereals and legumes forming the staple diet. Animal husbandry was also significant, with domesticated cattle, sheep, and goats. The combination of these subsistence strategies indicates a mixed economy typical of early agro-pastoral societies.

Technological and Material Culture

Tool Production: The Remedello culture is distinguished by its flint and copper tools. The extensive use of flint for arrowheads and daggers with finely crafted forms is notable. Additionally, the development of copper metallurgy marks a critical technological advance, with tools and ornaments evidencing early metalworking skills.

Ceramics and Pottery: Pottery from this culture, though not as elaborately decorated as in some contemporary cultures, includes utilitarian forms for storage and cooking. These artifacts provide valuable information about domestic life and food preparation practices.

Linguistic and Ethnic Considerations

While the linguistic attributes of the Remedello Culture are not directly recorded, it is positioned within the broader framework of Proto-Indo-European migrations. Theories suggest that the movements of Proto-Indo-European speaking peoples may have influenced or been contemporaneous with cultural developments in regions like Northern Italy. However, the direct linkage of Remedello Culture to Proto-Indo-European is complex and inferred largely through archaeological and comparative studies rather than direct linguistic evidence.

Legacy and Influence

The influence of the Remedello Culture is discernible in the development of subsequent Bronze Age societies in the region, such as the Polada culture. It constitutes an integral part of the transition toward more complex societal structures and cultural expressions typical of later periods in Italian prehistory. The strategic location of the Po Valley played a crucial role as a corridor for cultural exchange and migration, contributing to the broader tapestry of European prehistoric cultures.

In conclusion, the Early Bronze Age Remedello Culture of Northern Italy epitomizes a formative and transitional epoch. Its advancements in metallurgy, burial rites, and agricultural practices set foundational precedents for the growth of civilization in the Italian Peninsula, and its legacy is observable in the cultural evolution leading into the middle and late Bronze Age across Europe.

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RISE487 3485 BCE Lombardy. Remedello di Sotto, Italy View
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Sample ID Culture/Period Date Location Action
RISE486 Early Bronze Age Remedello Culture, Northern Italy 2136 BCE Lombardy. Remedello di Sotto, Italy View
Ancient Genetic Admixture

Ancient genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (RISE486) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles ancient populations from different geographic regions.

Neolithic Farmers 61%
European Hunter-Gatherers 18%
Western Steppe Pastoralists 15%
Ancient Africans 4%
Ancient Asians 2%
Modern Genetic Admixture

Modern genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (RISE486) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles modern populations from different geographic regions.

These results complement the ancient ancestry components shown in the previous section, offering a different perspective on the individual's genetic profile by comparing it with modern reference populations rather than prehistoric ancestral groups.

Europe 86%
Southern European 84%
Iberian 37.1%
Sardinian 32.3%
Italian 14.8%
Northwestern European 2%
Northwestern European 1.4%
Scandinavian 0.6%
Asia 12%
Arab, Egyptian & Levantine 11%
Arabian 11.4%
Chinese & Southeast Asian 0%
Oceania 1%
Melanesian 1%
Papuan 1.2%
Africa 1%
North African 1%
Egyptian 1.0%
G25 Coordinates

The G25 coordinates for the sample RISE486 are as follows. You can analyze its admixture using G25 Studio.

RISE486,0.11302298,0.16064924,0.02507622,-0.04143838,0.05679422,-0.0209205,-0.0030943,0.0059439,0.04007694,0.06851786,-0.00399446,0.01425812,-0.02463708,-0.01403558,-0.00880956,0.00408504,0.01106698,-0.00139232,-0.0022357,-0.00330164,-0.00061426,0.002952,-0.01080528,-0.01859234,0.00448746
Analyze it in G25 Studio
Scientific Papers References
Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia
Authors:
Allentoft ME, Sikora M, Sjögren KG
Abstract:

The Bronze Age of Eurasia (around 3000-1000 BC) was a period of major cultural changes. However, there is debate about whether these changes resulted from the circulation of ideas or from human migrations, potentially also facilitating the spread of languages and certain phenotypic traits. We investigated this by using new, improved methods to sequence low-coverage genomes from 101 ancient humans from across Eurasia. We show that the Bronze Age was a highly dynamic period involving large-scale population migrations and replacements, responsible for shaping major parts of present-day demographic structure in both Europe and Asia. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesized spread of Indo-European languages during the Early Bronze Age. We also demonstrate that light skin pigmentation in Europeans was already present at high frequency in the Bronze Age, but not lactose tolerance, indicating a more recent onset of positive selection on lactose tolerance than previously thought.

Link:
View Publication
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