A man buried in Russia in the Middle Late Bronze Age era

RISE386

Disclaimer: The portrait shown is a speculative reconstruction and not the actual face of the ancient sample. It represents an artistic interpretation based on archaeological data.

Specimen Details

Sample ID:

RISE386

Date:

2335 BCE - 2041 BCE

Biological Sex:

Male

mtDNA:

J1c1b1a

Y-DNA:

R-Z2124

Cultural Period:

Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta

Location

Country:

Russia

Locality:

Bulanovo

Coordinates:

52.4530, 55.1600

Map Location

Historical Timeline

Description

The Sintashta culture, which flourished during the Mid to Late Bronze Age (approximately 2100–1800 BCE), is a prominent archaeological culture linked to the Proto-Indo-Iranians. This culture is primarily located in the steppe regions of what is now southern Russia and northern Kazakhstan, particularly in the valleys of the Ural River and Tobol River. The Sintashta culture is considered significant for its potential role in the early development of Indo-Iranian languages and for its pioneering advancements in metallurgy and chariot warfare.

Geographic and Environmental Context:

The Sintashta region is characterized by steppe landscapes, which are vast, treeless plains that provide a unique ecological niche supporting both pastoralism and limited agriculture. This environment was suitable for the horse herding and some crop cultivation associated with later Indo-European societies.

Settlements and Architecture:

The Sintashta people built fortified settlements, which distinguishes them from many of their contemporaries in the Eurasian steppe. These settlements often featured rectangular layouts surrounded by timber-reinforced earthen walls and ditches, suggesting a need for defense and an organized society capable of coordinated communal activities. Central communal areas and closely packed houses within these settlements suggest a complex social structure with collective activities.

Economy and Subsistence:

The Sintashta economy was mixed, relying on both pastoralism and agriculture. Domesticated animals included cattle, sheep, goats, and horses. Horses held special significance, likely tied to their role in transportation, warfare, and status. Archaeological evidence also suggests the cultivation of crops such as wheat and barley, though the extent of agricultural reliance may have been limited by climate and environment.

Metallurgical Advancements:

The Sintashta culture is particularly noted for its advancements in metallurgy. They developed sophisticated bronze-working techniques, producing tools, weapons, and ornaments. The presence of copper and tin deposits in the nearby Urals facilitated this early and significant metalworking tradition. The production of weapons, particularly spearheads and daggers, reflects an emphasis on warfare and defense.

Chariotry and Warfare:

One of the most revolutionary aspects of the Sintashta culture was their development and use of the chariot. This area provides some of the earliest evidence of chariot warfare, including chariot burials where horse skeletons were interred alongside chariots and associated goods. These chariots were likely two-wheeled and drawn by horses, providing significant strategic advantages in mobility and warfare, and influencing subsequent Indo-European cultures.

Mortuary Practices and Religion:

Burial practices within the Sintashta culture were elaborate and serve as rich sources of information about their beliefs. Graves often included animal sacrifices, including horses, and grave goods such as ceramics, weapons, and ornaments. These burial customs suggest beliefs in an afterlife and the importance of status and possessions therein. The practice of kurgan burial mounds is a hallmark of Indo-European cultures, underscoring the Sintashta's connection to wider Indo-European traditions.

Linguistic and Cultural Implications:

The Sintashta culture is frequently cited in discussions of Indo-Iranian origins due to its geographical and temporal position. The material culture reflects key aspects of what would later become hallmark traits of Indo-Iranian cultures, including warfare technology, social organization, and certain religious practices.

Legacy:

The Sintashta culture's influence extended beyond its immediate successors, shaping the cultural and technological landscapes of the broader Eurasian steppe. Innovations such as chariot technology spread rapidly, influencing Indo-European diasporas that played important roles in shaping historical cultures from the Indian subcontinent to Europe.

In summary, the Sintashta culture represents a pivotal chapter in the prehistoric development of Indo-European societies. Its advancements in technology, warfare, and societal organization contributed significantly to the shaping of later historical cultures and civilizations across Eurasia.

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Sample ID	Culture/Period	Date	Location	Action
RISE397	Late Bronze Age Armenia	1049 BCE	Kapan, Armenia	View
RISE396	Late Bronze Age Armenia	1196 BCE	Kapan, Armenia	View
RISE407	Late Bronze Age Armenia	1118 BCE	Norabak, Armenia	View
RISE408	Late Bronze Age Armenia	1212 BCE	Norabak, Armenia	View
RISE412	Late Bronze Age Armenia	1201 BCE	Noratus, Armenia	View
RISE423	Middle Bronze Age Armenia	1407 BCE	Nerquin Getashen, Armenia	View
RISE416	Middle Bronze Age Armenia	1616 BCE	Nerquin Getashen, Armenia	View
RISE413	Middle Bronze Age Armenia	1919 BCE	Nerquin Getashen, Armenia	View
RISE98	Late Neolithic Sweden	2278 BCE	L Beddinge 56, Sweden	View
RISE174	Iron Age Sweden	433 CE	Oxie 7, Sweden	View
RISE94	Battle Axe Culture, Sweden	2623 BCE	Viby, Sweden	View
RISE97	Late Neolithic Sweden	2030 BCE	Fredriksberg, Sweden	View
RISE175	Bronze Age Sweden	1396 BCE	Abekås I, Sweden	View
RISE210	Bronze Age Sweden	1436 BCE	Ängamöllan, Sweden	View
RISE179	Late Neolithic Sweden	2015 BCE	Abekås I, Sweden	View
RISE207	Bronze Age Sweden	1495 BCE	Ängamöllan, Sweden	View
RISE497	Karasuk Culture, Russia	1400 BCE	Arban 1, Russia	View
RISE505	Andronovo Culture, Russia	1862 BCE	Kytmanovo, Russia	View
RISE493	Karasuk Culture, Russia	1518 BCE	Sabinka 2, Russia	View
RISE495	Karasuk Culture, Russia	1400 BCE	Arban 1, Russia	View
RISE511	Afanasievo Culture	2909 BCE	Bateni, Russia	View
RISE523	Mezhovskaya Culture, Russia	1531 BCE	Kapova cave, Russia	View
RISE496	Karasuk Culture, Russia	1416 BCE	Arban 1, Russia	View
RISE552	Early Bronze Age Yamnaya Culture, Kalmykia, Russia	2846 BCE	Ulan V, Russia	View
RISE500	Andronovo Culture, Russia	1700 BCE	Kytmanovo, Russia	View
RISE504	Iron Age 2 Russia	709 CE	Kytmanovo, Russia	View
RISE395	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2008 BCE	Bol'shekaraganskii, Russia	View
RISE499	Karasuk Culture, Russia	1400 BCE	Bystrovka, Russia	View
RISE502	Karasuk Culture, Russia	1497 BCE	Bystrovka, Russia	View
RISE548	Early Bronze Age Yamnaya Culture, Kalmykia, Russia	3300 BCE	Temrta IV, Russia	View
RISE602	Iron Age 3 Russia	1000 BCE	Sary-Bel, Russia	View
RISE601	Iron Age 3 Russia	1000 BCE	Verh-Uimon, Russia	View
RISE503	Andronovo Culture, Russia	1731 BCE	Kytmanovo, Russia	View
RISE547	Early Bronze Age Yamnaya Culture, Kalmykia, Russia	2886 BCE	Temrta IV, Russia	View
RISE392	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2131 BCE	Stepnoe VII Cemetery, Russia	View
RISE600	Iron Age 3 Russia	1000 BCE	Verh-Uimon, Russia	View
RISE550	Early Bronze Age Yamnaya Culture, Kalmykia, Russia	3335 BCE	Peshany V, Russia	View
RISE507.508.merge	Afanasievo Culture	3323 BCE	River Kuyum, Russia	View
RISE394	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	1953 BCE	Bulanovo, Russia	View
RISE386	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2335 BCE	Bulanovo, Russia	View
RISE512	Andronovo Culture, Russia	1488 BCE	Kytmanovo, Russia	View
I3425	Karasuk Culture, Russia	1417 BCE	Sabinka 2, Russia	View
RISE525	Mezhovskaya Culture, Russia	1300 BCE	Kapova cave, Russia	View
RISE510	Afanasievo Culture	2848 BCE	Bateni, Russia	View
RISE555	Early Bronze Age Russia	2853 BCE	Stalingrad Quarry, Russia	View
RISE240	Early Bronze Age Yamnaya Culture, Kalmykia, Russia	2879 BCE	Sukhaya Termista I, Russia	View
RISE554	Late Bronze Age 2 Russia	1009 BCE	Afontova Gora, Russia	View
RISE546	Early Bronze Age Yamnaya Culture, Kalmykia, Russia	3300 BCE	Temrta IV, Russia	View
I3423	Karasuk Culture, Russia	393 BCE	Sabinka 2, Russia	View
RISE553	Late Bronze Age 1 Russia	927 BCE	Afontova Gora, Russia	View
RISE524	Mezhovskaya Culture, Russia	1300 BCE	Kapova cave, Russia	View
RISE150	Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Poland	1886 BCE	Przeclawice, Poland	View
RISE109	Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Poland	1959 BCE	Wojkowice, Poland	View
RISE154	Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Poland	1930 BCE	Szczepankowice, Poland	View
RISE431	Corded Ware to Proto-Unetice Culture, Poland	2286 BCE	Leki Male, Poland	View
RISE145	Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Poland	2191 BCE	Polwica, Poland	View
RISE139	Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Poland	2137 BCE	Chociwel, Poland	View
RISE1	Corded Ware Culture, Poland	2866 BCE	Oblaczkowo, Poland	View
RISE595	Late Bronze Age Montenegro	1200 BCE	Velika Gruda, Montenegro	View
I13170	Montenegrin Iron Age	800 BCE	Velika Gruda, Montenegro	View
RISE391	Middle to Late Bronze Age Sintashta Culture, Kazakhstan	2126 BCE	Tanabergen II, Kazakhstan	View
RISE598	Late Bronze Age Lithuania	906 BCE	Turlojiske, Lithuania	View
I4139	Early Bronze Age Staro-Unetice Culture, Czech Republic	2500 BCE	Velké Přílepy, Czech Republic	View
I4145	Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic	2282 BCE	Knezeves, Czech Republic	View
RISE489	Chalcolithic Remedello Culture, Northern Italy	2909 BCE	Lombardy. Remedello di Sotto, Italy	View
RISE487	Chalcolithic Remedello Culture, Northern Italy	3485 BCE	Lombardy. Remedello di Sotto, Italy	View
RISE486	Early Bronze Age Remedello Culture, Northern Italy	2136 BCE	Lombardy. Remedello di Sotto, Italy	View
RISE479	Middle Bronze Age Vatya Culture, Hungary	2000 BCE	Erd 4, Hungary	View
RISE373	Early Bronze Age Maros Culture, Hungary	1887 BCE	Szöreg-C (Sziv Utca), Hungary	View
RISE247	Middle Bronze Age Vatya Culture, Hungary	1743 BCE	Százhalombatta-Földvár, Hungary	View
RISE484	Middle Bronze Age Vatya Culture, Hungary	2000 BCE	Erd 4, Hungary	View
RISE480	Middle Bronze Age Vatya Culture, Hungary	1700 BCE	Erd 4, Hungary	View
RISE374	Early Bronze Age Maros Culture, Hungary	1872 BCE	Szöreg-C (Sziv Utca), Hungary	View
RISE483	Middle Bronze Age Vatya Culture, Hungary	2000 BCE	Erd 4, Hungary	View
RISE349	Early Bronze Age Maros Culture, Hungary	2034 BCE	Battonya Vörös Oktober, Hungary	View
RISE371	Early Bronze Age Maros Culture, Hungary	2137 BCE	Szöreg-C (Sziv Utca), Hungary	View
RISE254	Middle Bronze Age Vatya Culture, Hungary	2130 BCE	Százhalombatta-Földvár, Hungary	View
I4144	Bell Beaker Culture, Germany	2573 BCE	Osterhofen-Altenmarkt, Germany	View
RISE446	Corded Ware Culture, Germany	2662 BCE	Bergrheinfeld, Germany	View
RISE471	Bronze Age Germany	1687 BCE	Untermeitingen, Germany	View
RISE434	Corded Ware Culture, Germany	2880 BCE	Tiefbrunn, Germany	View
RISE436	Corded Ware Culture, Germany	2869 BCE	Tiefbrunn, Germany	View
RISE435	Corded Ware Culture, Germany	2865 BCE	Tiefbrunn, Germany	View
RISE61	Middle Neolithic B Denmark	2848 BCE	Kyndelöse, Denmark	View
RISE71	Late Neolithic Denmark	2197 BCE	Falshöj, Denmark	View
RISE47	Bronze Age Denmark	1499 BCE	Sebber skole, Denmark	View
RISE276	Late Bronze Age Denmark	789 BCE	Trundholm II, Denmark	View
RISE21	Bronze Age Denmark	1426 BCE	Karlstrup, Denmark	View
RISE42	Late Neolithic Denmark	2193 BCE	Marbjerg, Denmark	View
I4137	Early Slavic Period, Czech Republic	660 CE	Brandysek, Czech Republic	View
I5026	Early Slavic Period, Czech Republic	600 CE	Brandysek, Czech Republic	View
I3423		393 BCE	Sabinka 2, Russia	View
I3425		1417 BCE	Sabinka 2, Russia	View
I10565		2889 BCE	Bateni, Russia	View
I4124		2459 BCE	Augsburg, Germany	View
I4132		2500 BCE	Augsburg, Germany	View
I4143		2456 BCE	Landau an der Isar, Germany	View
I4144		2573 BCE	Osterhofen-Altenmarkt, Germany	View
I4134		2500 BCE	Osterhofen-Altenmarkt, Germany	View
I4145		2282 BCE	Knezeves, Czech Republic	View
I4136		2800 BCE	Knezeves, Czech Republic	View
I5026		600 CE	Brandysek, Czech Republic	View
I4137		660 CE	Brandysek, Czech Republic	View
I4139		2500 BCE	Velké Přílepy, Czech Republic	View
I4130		2800 BCE	Moravská Nová Ves, Czech Republic	View
I13170		800 BCE	Velika Gruda, Montenegro	View
I10565		2889 BCE	Bateni, Russia	View
I4130		2800 BCE	Moravská Nová Ves, Czech Republic	View
I4136		2800 BCE	Knezeves, Czech Republic	View
I4124		2459 BCE	Augsburg, Germany	View
I4134		2500 BCE	Osterhofen-Altenmarkt, Germany	View
I4143		2456 BCE	Landau an der Isar, Germany	View
I4132		2500 BCE	Augsburg, Germany	View
RISE507.508.merge		3323 BCE	River Kuyum, Russia	View
RISE1		2866 BCE	Oblaczkowo, Poland	View
RISE21		1426 BCE	Karlstrup, Denmark	View
RISE42		2193 BCE	Marbjerg, Denmark	View
RISE47		1499 BCE	Sebber skole, Denmark	View
RISE61		2848 BCE	Kyndelöse, Denmark	View
RISE71		2197 BCE	Falshöj, Denmark	View
RISE94		2623 BCE	Viby, Sweden	View
RISE97		2030 BCE	Fredriksberg, Sweden	View
RISE98		2278 BCE	L Beddinge 56, Sweden	View
RISE109		1959 BCE	Wojkowice, Poland	View
RISE139		2137 BCE	Chociwel, Poland	View
RISE145		2191 BCE	Polwica, Poland	View
RISE150		1886 BCE	Przeclawice, Poland	View
RISE154		1930 BCE	Szczepankowice, Poland	View
RISE174		433 CE	Oxie 7, Sweden	View
RISE175		1396 BCE	Abekås I, Sweden	View
RISE179		2015 BCE	Abekås I, Sweden	View
RISE207		1495 BCE	Ängamöllan, Sweden	View
RISE210		1436 BCE	Ängamöllan, Sweden	View
RISE240		2879 BCE	Sukhaya Termista I, Russia	View
RISE247		1743 BCE	Százhalombatta-Földvár, Hungary	View
RISE254		2130 BCE	Százhalombatta-Földvár, Hungary	View
RISE276		789 BCE	Trundholm II, Denmark	View
RISE349		2034 BCE	Battonya Vörös Oktober, Hungary	View
RISE371		2137 BCE	Szöreg-C (Sziv Utca), Hungary	View
RISE373		1887 BCE	Szöreg-C (Sziv Utca), Hungary	View
RISE374		1872 BCE	Szöreg-C (Sziv Utca), Hungary	View
RISE386		2335 BCE	Bulanovo, Russia	View
RISE391		2126 BCE	Tanabergen II, Kazakhstan	View
RISE392		2131 BCE	Stepnoe VII Cemetery, Russia	View
RISE394		1953 BCE	Bulanovo, Russia	View
RISE395		2008 BCE	Bol'shekaraganskii, Russia	View
RISE396		1196 BCE	Kapan, Armenia	View
RISE397		1049 BCE	Kapan, Armenia	View
RISE407		1118 BCE	Norabak, Armenia	View
RISE408		1212 BCE	Norabak, Armenia	View
RISE412		1201 BCE	Noratus, Armenia	View
RISE413		1919 BCE	Nerquin Getashen, Armenia	View
RISE416		1616 BCE	Nerquin Getashen, Armenia	View
RISE423		1407 BCE	Nerquin Getashen, Armenia	View
RISE431		2286 BCE	Leki Male, Poland	View
RISE434		2880 BCE	Tiefbrunn, Germany	View
RISE435		2865 BCE	Tiefbrunn, Germany	View
RISE436		2869 BCE	Tiefbrunn, Germany	View
RISE446		2662 BCE	Bergrheinfeld, Germany	View
RISE471		1687 BCE	Untermeitingen, Germany	View
RISE479		2000 BCE	Erd 4, Hungary	View
RISE480		1700 BCE	Erd 4, Hungary	View
RISE483		2000 BCE	Erd 4, Hungary	View
RISE484		2000 BCE	Erd 4, Hungary	View
RISE486		2136 BCE	Lombardy. Remedello di Sotto, Italy	View
RISE487		3485 BCE	Lombardy. Remedello di Sotto, Italy	View
RISE489		2909 BCE	Lombardy. Remedello di Sotto, Italy	View
RISE493		1518 BCE	Sabinka 2, Russia	View
RISE495		1400 BCE	Arban 1, Russia	View
RISE496		1416 BCE	Arban 1, Russia	View
RISE497		1400 BCE	Arban 1, Russia	View
RISE499		1400 BCE	Bystrovka, Russia	View
RISE500		1700 BCE	Kytmanovo, Russia	View
RISE502		1497 BCE	Bystrovka, Russia	View
RISE503		1731 BCE	Kytmanovo, Russia	View
RISE504		709 CE	Kytmanovo, Russia	View
RISE505		1862 BCE	Kytmanovo, Russia	View
RISE510		2848 BCE	Bateni, Russia	View
RISE511		2909 BCE	Bateni, Russia	View
RISE512		1488 BCE	Kytmanovo, Russia	View
RISE523		1531 BCE	Kapova cave, Russia	View
RISE524		1300 BCE	Kapova cave, Russia	View
RISE525		1300 BCE	Kapova cave, Russia	View
RISE546		3300 BCE	Temrta IV, Russia	View
RISE547		2886 BCE	Temrta IV, Russia	View
RISE548		3300 BCE	Temrta IV, Russia	View
RISE550		3335 BCE	Peshany V, Russia	View
RISE552		2846 BCE	Ulan V, Russia	View
RISE553		927 BCE	Afontova Gora, Russia	View
RISE554		1009 BCE	Afontova Gora, Russia	View
RISE555		2853 BCE	Stalingrad Quarry, Russia	View
RISE595		1200 BCE	Velika Gruda, Montenegro	View
RISE598		906 BCE	Turlojiske, Lithuania	View
RISE600		1000 BCE	Verh-Uimon, Russia	View
RISE601		1000 BCE	Verh-Uimon, Russia	View
RISE602		1000 BCE	Sary-Bel, Russia	View
RISE492	Karasuk Culture, Russia	393 BCE	Sabinka-2 (Republic of Khakassia, Beysky District), Russia	View
RISE559	Bell Beaker Culture, Lech Valley, Germany	2459 BCE	Augsburg (Bavaria), Germany	View
RISE562	Bell Beaker Culture, Germany	2456 BCE	Dingolfing-Landau (Bavaria, Landau an der Isar), Germany	View
RISE563	Bell Beaker Culture, Germany	2573 BCE	Osterhofen-Altenmarkt (Lower Bavaria, Deggendorf, Osterhofen), Germany	View
RISE564	Bell Beaker Culture, Germany	2500 BCE	Osterhofen-Altenmarkt (Lower Bavaria, Deggendorf, Osterhofen), Germany	View
RISE566	Bell Beaker culture	2282 BCE	Kněževes (Středočeský kraj, okres Praha-západ), Czechia	View
RISE567	Bell Beaker culture	2800 BCE	Kněževes (Středočeský kraj, okres Praha-západ), Czechia	View
RISE568	Early Slavic Culture of Bohemia	600 CE	Brandýsek (Central Bohemian Region, Kladno District), Czechia	View
RISE569	Early Slavic Culture of Bohemia	660 CE	Brandýsek (Central Bohemian Region, Kladno District), Czechia	View
RISE577	Early Bronze Age Únětice Culture	2500 BCE	Velké-Přílepy (Středočeský kraj, okres Praha-západ), Czechia	View
RISE586	Únětice culture	2800 BCE	Moravská-Nová-Ves (South Moravian Region, Břeclav District), Czechia	View
RISE596	Montenegrin Iron Age	800 BCE	Velika Gruda, Montenegro	View

Sample ID	Culture/Period	Date	Location	Action
I1060	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1062	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1065	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1022	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1088	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1084	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1082	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1055	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1018	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1017	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	1931 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1019	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1086	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1090	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1024	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1063	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1058	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	1919 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1029	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2012 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1020	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2016 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1028	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	1879 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1064	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	1879 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1089	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1054	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	1891 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1053	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	1928 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1027	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2008 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1056	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	1886 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1057	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	1951 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I0982	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I0937	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I0938	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I0939	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I0940	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I0942	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I0943	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I0980	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I0983	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I0984	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2024 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I0985	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I0986	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I0989	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1003	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1006	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1007	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1008	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1010	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1011	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1013	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1061	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I7480	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I0987	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
RISE395	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2008 BCE	Bol'shekaraganskii, Russia	View
RISE392	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2131 BCE	Stepnoe VII Cemetery, Russia	View
RISE394	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	1953 BCE	Bulanovo, Russia	View
RISE386	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2335 BCE	Bulanovo, Russia	View
I1012	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View

Ancient Genetic Admixture

Ancient genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (RISE386) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles ancient populations from different geographic regions.

Western Steppe Pastoralists 42%

European Hunter-Gatherers 36%

Neolithic Farmers 18%

Ancient Africans 4%

Modern Genetic Admixture

Modern genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (RISE386) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles modern populations from different geographic regions.

These results complement the ancient ancestry components shown in the previous section, offering a different perspective on the individual's genetic profile by comparing it with modern reference populations rather than prehistoric ancestral groups.

Europe 79%

Northwestern European 62%

English 48.4%

Northwestern European 13.5%

Eastern European 16%

Eastern European 16.2%

Southern European 1%

Balkan 0.7%

Asia 17%

Northern West Asian 14%

Caucasian 13.6%

Central Asian, Northern Indian & Pakistani 4%

Indian 3.8%

Africa 2%

African Hunter-Gatherer 2%

African Hunter-Gatherer 2.4%

America 2%

Native American 1.6%

G25 Coordinates

The G25 coordinates for the sample RISE386 are as follows. You can analyze its admixture using G25 Studio.

RISE386,0.1245189,0.11760658,0.0376858,0.0417645,0.02067406,0.02163394,0.00519326,0.00408884,-0.01019034,-0.01370302,-0.0065501,0.00653098,-0.0008063,-0.0069509,0.01274832,0.00173392,-0.00769228,0.00147182,-0.00098284,-0.00078014,0.00481832,0.0034194,0.00295692,0.01033278,-0.00084078

Analyze it in G25 Studio

Scientific Papers References

Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia

Authors:

Allentoft ME, Sikora M, Sjögren KG

Abstract:

The Bronze Age of Eurasia (around 3000-1000 BC) was a period of major cultural changes. However, there is debate about whether these changes resulted from the circulation of ideas or from human migrations, potentially also facilitating the spread of languages and certain phenotypic traits. We investigated this by using new, improved methods to sequence low-coverage genomes from 101 ancient humans from across Eurasia. We show that the Bronze Age was a highly dynamic period involving large-scale population migrations and replacements, responsible for shaping major parts of present-day demographic structure in both Europe and Asia. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesized spread of Indo-European languages during the Early Bronze Age. We also demonstrate that light skin pigmentation in Europeans was already present at high frequency in the Bronze Age, but not lactose tolerance, indicating a more recent onset of positive selection on lactose tolerance than previously thought.

Link:

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