A man buried in Czech Republic in the Bronze Age era

I4145
Portrait reconstruction
Disclaimer: The portrait shown is a speculative reconstruction and not the actual face of the ancient sample. It represents an artistic interpretation based on archaeological data.
Specimen Details
Sample ID:
I4145
Date:
2282 BCE - 2032 BCE
Biological Sex:
Male
mtDNA:
H3
Y-DNA:
R-L151
Cultural Period:
Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic
Location
Country:
Czech Republic
Locality:
Knezeves
Coordinates:
50.1180, 14.2580
Map Location
Historical Timeline
Description

The Bell Beaker Culture, also known as the Bell-Beaker Phenomenon, was a widespread cultural phenomenon in prehistoric Europe, including the geographical area of what is now the Czech Republic, during the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age (approximately 2800–1800 BCE). This culture is primarily recognized for its distinctive pottery style, which significantly influenced various regions across Europe.

Origins and Spread

The Bell Beaker Culture is thought to have originated in the Iberian Peninsula and swiftly spread across western and central Europe, reaching areas of the modern Czech Republic around the late 3rd millennium BCE. The name \Bell Beaker" derives from the typical bell-shaped pottery vessels that are emblematic of this culture. These vessels were often decorated with incised or stamped geometric patterns, frequently featuring horizontal zones or comb designs.

Pottery and Material Culture

In the Czech Republic, Bell Beaker pottery represents a high level of craftsmanship and aesthetic sophistication. These ceramics were often made with finely-tempered clay and their shapes were both functional for daily use and symbolic for ceremonial purposes. The pottery is credited for its uniformity across a wide expanse, which indicates intense mobility and cultural exchange among these early European communities.

Aside from pottery, the Bell Beaker Culture is notable for its metallurgical advancements. This era marks the transition to the use of metals, and communities practiced bronze casting on a relatively small scale. Copper daggers and flat axes characterize this period, alongside items such as gold and amber ornaments, which denote an increase in prestige goods and long-distance trade.

Settlement and Economy

Bell Beaker sites in the Czech region tend to be situated in river valleys and lowland areas, aligning with fertile land suitable for cultivation. Settlements often include single-family houses built with timber, expressive of a lifestyle that combined hunting, gathering, and some agricultural practices. Cereal cultivation and livestock farming (cattle, sheep, goats) were essential components of their subsistence economy. Archaeological evidence suggests the presence of specialized knowledge in animal husbandry, metallurgy, and pottery making.

Burial Practices and Social Structure

The Bell Beaker Culture is also observed through its burial practices, which offer insight into their social structures and beliefs. They practiced inhumation, with burials typically placed in small, individual graves, at times with a crouched position. Grave goods, comprising beakers and personal ornaments like wrist guards, copper knives, and arrowheads, suggest a society with stratified social roles and possibly the existence of an elite class.

Interaction and Influence

In the Czech region, the Bell Beaker Culture interacted with various contemporary and succeeding cultures, notably influencing the Unetice Culture that followed. The widespread nature of the Bell Beaker culture implies not just significant migration and mixing of populations, but also the transmission of technology, ideas, and genetic material across large distances.

Legacy

The legacy of the Bell Beaker Culture in the Czech Republic is reflected in its lasting impact on the region’s prehistoric trajectory. It represents a crucial phase in European prehistory that contributed to the development of Bronze Age societies. This culture illustrates how interconnected early European communities were, setting a precedent for cultural exchange that would shape future European development.

Overall, the Bell Beaker Culture in the Czech Republic exemplifies an era marked by dynamic changes in material culture, social organization, and economic practices, which significantly influenced the course of prehistoric Europe."

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Sample ID Culture/Period Date Location Action
I7271 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2500 BCE Brandýsek, Czech Republic View
I7278 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2462 BCE Brandýsek, Czech Republic View
I7282 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2500 BCE Radosevice, Czech Republic View
I7283 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2500 BCE Radosevice, Czech Republic View
I7289 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2456 BCE Radosevice, Czech Republic View
I7210 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2201 BCE Radosevice, Czech Republic View
I7212 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2454 BCE Radosevice, Czech Republic View
I7214 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2500 BCE Radosevice, Czech Republic View
I7205 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2500 BCE Radosevice, Czech Republic View
I7211 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2296 BCE Radosevice, Czech Republic View
I7213 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2440 BCE Radosevice, Czech Republic View
I7249 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2138 BCE Brandýsek, Czech Republic View
I7251 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2500 BCE Brandýsek, Czech Republic View
I7250 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2500 BCE Brandýsek, Czech Republic View
I7269 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2500 BCE Brandýsek, Czech Republic View
I7270 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2500 BCE Brandýsek, Czech Republic View
I7275 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2500 BCE Brandýsek, Czech Republic View
I7276 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2500 BCE Brandýsek, Czech Republic View
I7281 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2340 BCE Prague 5 - Malá Ohrada, Czech Republic View
I7286 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2403 BCE Radosevice, Czech Republic View
I7287 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2500 BCE Radosevice, Czech Republic View
I7288 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2500 BCE Radosevice, Czech Republic View
I7290 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2500 BCE Radosevice, Czech Republic View
I4136 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2800 BCE Kněževes, Czech Republic View
I4945 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2293 BCE Prague 8. Kobylisy. Ke Stírce Street, Czech Republic View
I4946 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2336 BCE Prague 5. Jinonice. Butovická Street, Czech Republic View
I4947 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2500 BCE Prague 5. Jinonice. Butovická Street, Czech Republic View
I4885 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2291 BCE Prague 8. Kobylisy. Ke Stírce Street, Czech Republic View
I4886 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2270 BCE Prague 8. Kobylisy. Ke Stírce Street, Czech Republic View
I4887 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2201 BCE Prague 8. Kobylisy. Ke Stírce Street, Czech Republic View
I4888 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2195 BCE Prague 8. Kobylisy. Ke Stírce Street, Czech Republic View
I4889 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2284 BCE Prague 8. Kobylisy. Ke Stírce Street, Czech Republic View
I4890 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2800 BCE Prague 8. Kobylisy. Ke Stírce Street, Czech Republic View
I4891 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2284 BCE Prague 8. Kobylisy. Ke Stírce Street, Czech Republic View
I4895 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2276 BCE Prague 5. Jinonice. Butovická Street, Czech Republic View
I4896 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2289 BCE Prague 5. Jinonice. Butovická Street, Czech Republic View
I5514 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2287 BCE Prague 5. Jinonice. Butovická Street, Czech Republic View
I5666 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2800 BCE Lochenice, Czech Republic View
I6468 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2500 BCE Velké Přílepy, Czech Republic View
I6476 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2500 BCE Lovosice, Czech Republic View
I6480 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2500 BCE Velké Přílepy, Czech Republic View
I4145 Bell Beaker Culture, Czech Republic 2282 BCE Knezeves, Czech Republic View
Ancient Genetic Admixture

Ancient genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (I4145) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles ancient populations from different geographic regions.

European Hunter-Gatherers 43%
Western Steppe Pastoralists 37%
Neolithic Farmers 19%
Modern Genetic Admixture

Modern genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (I4145) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles modern populations from different geographic regions.

These results complement the ancient ancestry components shown in the previous section, offering a different perspective on the individual's genetic profile by comparing it with modern reference populations rather than prehistoric ancestral groups.

Europe 95%
Northwestern European 65%
English 48.1%
Finnish 7.9%
Scandinavian 7.2%
Northwestern European 1.8%
Eastern European 19%
Eastern European 18.7%
Southern European 11%
Italian 6.7%
Iberian 4.2%
Asia 4%
Northern West Asian 3%
Caucasian 3.0%
Central Asian, Northern Indian & Pakistani 1%
Pakistan 1.3%
America 1%
America 1%
Native American 1.0%
Oceania 0%
Melanesian 0%
G25 Coordinates

The G25 coordinates for the sample I4145 are as follows. You can analyze its admixture using G25 Studio.

I4145,0.13027734,0.1206198,0.06238992,0.05398168,0.03249872,0.01685786,0.00732002,0.0079429,-0.00198672,-0.00989384,-0.00295138,0.00338534,-0.00160956,-0.00250704,0.0179011,-0.00518378,-0.01432214,0.00019298,0.00014352,-0.00119856,0.00261958,0.00031374,-0.00247176,0.00572948,-0.00516487
Analyze it in G25 Studio
Scientific Papers References
Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia
Authors:
Allentoft ME, Sikora M, Sjögren KG
Abstract:

The Bronze Age of Eurasia (around 3000-1000 BC) was a period of major cultural changes. However, there is debate about whether these changes resulted from the circulation of ideas or from human migrations, potentially also facilitating the spread of languages and certain phenotypic traits. We investigated this by using new, improved methods to sequence low-coverage genomes from 101 ancient humans from across Eurasia. We show that the Bronze Age was a highly dynamic period involving large-scale population migrations and replacements, responsible for shaping major parts of present-day demographic structure in both Europe and Asia. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesized spread of Indo-European languages during the Early Bronze Age. We also demonstrate that light skin pigmentation in Europeans was already present at high frequency in the Bronze Age, but not lactose tolerance, indicating a more recent onset of positive selection on lactose tolerance than previously thought.

Link:
View Publication
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