A man buried in Russia in the Late Neolithic era

DA345
Portrait reconstruction
Disclaimer: The portrait shown is a speculative reconstruction and not the actual face of the ancient sample. It represents an artistic interpretation based on archaeological data.
Specimen Details
Sample ID:
DA345
Date:
3637 BCE - 3371 BCE
Biological Sex:
Male
mtDNA:
D4j
Y-DNA:
N-Z35159
Cultural Period:
Late Neolithic Ust-Ida, Russia
Location
Country:
Russia
Locality:
Ust'-Ida
Coordinates:
53.1889, 103.3681
Map Location
Historical Timeline
Description

The Late Neolithic Ust-Ida culture, located in what is now southern Siberia near the Angara River, is part of the broader Circum-Pontic Neolithic complex. This era, dating from roughly 4000 to 3000 BCE, represents a time of significant cultural and technological transformation as human societies transitioned from nomadic lifestyles to more settled agricultural communities.

Geography and Environment

The Ust-Ida culture was situated in a region characterized by its diverse ecological zones, including taiga forests, riverine environments, and steppe areas. This geographical diversity played a crucial role in shaping the lifestyle and economy of the Ust-Ida people, providing an abundance of natural resources that supported both hunting-gathering and nascent agricultural practices.

Economy and Subsistence

The Ust-Ida culture exhibited a mixed subsistence strategy, combining hunting, fishing, and gathering with early forms of agriculture. The proximity to rivers like the Angara provided ample opportunities for fishing, which was a significant component of their diet. Archaeological evidence suggests that they grew cereals and legumes, indicating the establishment of rudimentary agricultural practices. Domestication of animals, particularly cattle, sheep, and goats, also played a key role in their subsistence economy.

Technology and Craftsmanship

This period saw advancements in tool technology and craft production. The Ust-Ida people were skilled in producing stone tools, including polished axes and adzes, which were essential for forest clearance and woodworking. Pottery from this era exhibits a variety of forms and decorations, reflecting both functional and ceremonial uses. The pottery was often decorated with incised geometric patterns, highlighting a sophisticated aesthetic sense.

Architecture and Settlement

Settlements during the Late Neolithic in the Ust-Ida region were characterized by semi-permanent structures, often located near water sources. These structures were typically simple dwellings built from wood and other locally available materials. The layout of these settlements suggests an increasing tendency toward communal living and cooperation, a reflection of evolving social structures.

Social Structure and Organization

The social organization of the Ust-Ida culture is inferred from burial practices and settlement patterns. There is evidence of social stratification, as seen in the differential treatment of individuals in burials. Some graves contained more elaborate goods, indicating a growing complexity in social hierarchy. This era witnessed the beginning of more defined social roles and possibly the emergence of leadership positions within communities.

Art and Symbolism

Artistic expression in the Ust-Ida culture is evidenced by decorative motifs on pottery, personal adornments, and figurines. These artifacts not only served functional purposes but also likely held symbolic meaning, reflecting religious or spiritual beliefs. The presence of zoomorphic and anthropomorphic figurines suggests that the Ust-Ida people had a rich spiritual life, potentially involving rituals centered around fertility and nature.

Interaction and Exchange

The Ust-Ida culture was not isolated; it engaged in interactions with neighboring cultures, as indicated by the exchange of goods and technology. This period is marked by increasing regional interactions within the Circum-Pontic Neolithic area, facilitated by trade networks that allowed for the movement of materials such as flint, jade, and copper.

Conclusion

In summary, the Late Neolithic Ust-Ida culture represents a period of significant cultural development marked by the transition to agriculture, advancements in technology and craft, and complex social structures. The artifacts and archaeological evidence from this era provide a glimpse into the lives of these early communities, highlighting their adaptability and innovation in the face of changing environmental and social conditions. Understanding the Ust-Ida culture offers valuable insights into the broader patterns of human development during the Neolithic period in the Circum-Pontic region.

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DA344 Late Neolithic Ust-Ida, Russia 3945 BCE Ust'-Ida, Russia View
Ancient Genetic Admixture

Ancient genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (DA345) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles ancient populations from different geographic regions.

Ancient Asians 79%
Ancient Native Americans 10%
Western Steppe Pastoralists 8%
Ancient Oceanians 3%
Modern Genetic Admixture

Modern genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (DA345) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles modern populations from different geographic regions.

These results complement the ancient ancestry components shown in the previous section, offering a different perspective on the individual's genetic profile by comparing it with modern reference populations rather than prehistoric ancestral groups.

Asia 89%
Northern Asian 63%
Siberian 53.6%
Mongolian 9.7%
Central Asian, Northern Indian & Pakistani 14%
Central Asian 13.6%
Japanese & Korean 6%
Japanese 6.2%
Chinese & Southeast Asian 6%
Tibetan 2.9%
Chinese 2.6%
America 9%
America 9%
Native American 9.5%
Oceania 1%
Melanesian 1%
Papuan 1.3%
Africa 1%
West African 0%
African Hunter-Gatherer 0%
G25 Coordinates

The G25 coordinates for the sample DA345 are as follows. You can analyze its admixture using G25 Studio.

DA345,0.0577869,-0.26374274,0.08713592,0.03044488,-0.06096618,-0.02472558,-0.02229878,-0.02082242,0.00545512,-0.00797546,0.02236466,-0.00585794,0.01183094,-0.0295547,-0.02135276,-0.0117404,-0.00356724,0.00713628,0.01753284,0.0066359,0.01065824,-0.0087653,0.0197025,0.005762,0.01310626
Analyze it in G25 Studio
Scientific Papers References
The first horse herders and the impact of early Bronze Age steppe expansions into Asia
Authors:
de Barros Damgaard P, Martiniano R, Kamm J
Abstract:

The Yamnaya expansions from the western steppe into Europe and Asia during the Early Bronze Age (~3000 BCE) are believed to have brought with them Indo-European languages and possibly horse husbandry. We analyzed 74 ancient whole-genome sequences from across Inner Asia and Anatolia and show that the Botai people associated with the earliest horse husbandry derived from a hunter-gatherer population deeply diverged from the Yamnaya. Our results also suggest distinct migrations bringing West Eurasian ancestry into South Asia before and after, but not at the time of, Yamnaya culture. We find no evidence of steppe ancestry in Bronze Age Anatolia from when Indo-European languages are attested there. Thus, in contrast to Europe, Early Bronze Age Yamnaya-related migrations had limited direct genetic impact in Asia.

Link:
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