A man buried in Poland in the Middle Ages era

VK153

Disclaimer: The portrait shown is a speculative reconstruction and not the actual face of the ancient sample. It represents an artistic interpretation based on archaeological data.

Specimen Details

Sample ID:

VK153

Date:

900 CE - 1100 CE

Biological Sex:

Male

mtDNA:

H1c3

Y-DNA:

R1a1a

Cultural Period:

Viking Age Poland

Location

Country:

Poland

Locality:

Bodzia

Coordinates:

52.7000, 18.9000

Map Location

Historical Timeline

Description

The Viking Age, typically dated from around 793 to 1066 AD, was a period characterized by the expansion and explorations of the Norse people, commonly known as Vikings. While the majority of Viking activity is closely associated with Scandinavia and regions like Britain, France, and Ireland, there is also evidence of Norse interactions in Eastern Europe, including what is now modern-day Poland.

Geographical Context

During the Viking Age, the territory that now constitutes Poland was not a single unified state but rather a patchwork of tribes and regions each with its own distinct cultural practices. The key regions during this period were Greater Poland, Lesser Poland, Pomerania, and the lands of the Vistula and Oder rivers. The region’s strategic location along these rivers made it a nexus for trade routes that connected the Baltic Sea to the interior of the continent.

Norse Influence and Interactions

Though Viking settlement in Poland was not as prolific as in other parts of Europe, the Norse did have significant interactions with the Slavic tribes, such as the Polans, Pomeranians, and the Vistulans. These interactions primarily took the form of raids, trade, and eventual cultural integration.

Trade

The Norse were renowned traders, and Poland's river systems provided them with critical access points for trade routes going deep into the European continent. The Baltic Sea facilitated the movement of goods, with the Vikings trading items such as furs, amber, slaves, and silver. Archeological sites in Poland have uncovered a variety of Norse artifacts, including weapons, jewelry, and coins, indicating active trade and exchange.

Raiding and Warfare

The Polish regions, especially Pomerania with its coastal location, were not immune to Viking raids. These raids were typical of the Viking mode of engagement and could involve plundering resources and capturing slaves.

Settlement and Cultural Exchange

There is also evidence of Norse settlements in certain areas, albeit much less extensive than in regions like England. Intermarriage and cultural exchanges between the Norse and Slavic peoples occurred, which led to gradual cultural syncretism. Norse sagas and Slavic folklore suggest varying degrees of integration and assimilation of Norse customs into local cultures.

Political and Social Structures

During the latter part of the Viking Age, the formation of early Polish statehood began under the Piast dynasty, with leaders like Mieszko I and Bolesław I Chrobry. Although the Vikings never established control over large swathes of Polish territory, their presence and interactions likely influenced the political dynamics and the development of early Polish fortifications and military strategies.

Religion and Mythology

While the Norse were initially pagan, worshipping gods like Odin and Thor, the period saw gradual Christianization, which also spread to Polish regions. Some Norse settlers and traders in Poland may have retained their pagan beliefs longer before converting to Christianity, just as Slavic tribes underwent a similar transition.

Archaeological Evidence

Archaeological discoveries have been crucial in understanding Viking Age interactions in Poland. Sites such as Wolin, Truso, and others have provided rich troves of information, including burials, weapons, and everyday items that point to a Norse presence and influence. Wolin, in particular, has been theorized by some to be the legendary Jomsborg, a semi-legendary Viking stronghold.

Conclusion

Viking Age Poland represents a fascinating chapter of Norse expansion and interaction beyond the typical Western European narrative. Though not as extensively settled as in other regions, the Norse impact on Poland came through vibrant trade, sporadic warfare, and cultural exchange, embedded within the concurrent rise of Polish statehood. As a bridge between the North and the diverse cultures of Central and Eastern Europe, Viking Age Poland was marked by a blend of influences that left a lasting legacy on the development of the region.

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Sample ID	Culture/Period	Date	Location	Action
I2800	The Viking Age in Scotland	415 CE	Scotland. Orkney. Buckquoy Birsay, United Kingdom	View
I2984	The Viking Age in Scotland	900 CE	Scotland. Orkney. Buckquoy Birsay, United Kingdom	View
VK166	Viking Age England	880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK176	Viking Age England	880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK449	Viking Age England	970 CE	England. Dorset. Ridgeway Hill Mass Grave, United Kingdom	View
VK256	Viking Age England	970 CE	England. Dorset. Ridgeway Hill Mass Grave, United Kingdom	View
VK263	Viking Age England	970 CE	England. Dorset. Ridgeway Hill Mass Grave, United Kingdom	View
H3k1a	The Viking Age in Scotland	404 CE	Scotland. Orkney. Buckquoy Birsay, United Kingdom	View
VK262	Viking Age England	970 CE	England. Dorset. Ridgeway Hill Mass Grave, United Kingdom	View
VK205	The Viking Age in Scotland	890 CE	Scotland. Orkney. Newark Deerness, United Kingdom	View
VK259	Viking Age England	970 CE	England. Dorset. Ridgeway Hill Mass Grave, United Kingdom	View
VK173	Viking Age England	880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK203	The Viking Age in Scotland	54 CE	Scotland. Orkney. Brough Road Birsay, United Kingdom	View
VK146	Viking Age England	880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK168	Viking Age England	880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK172	Viking Age England	880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK151	Viking Age England	880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
R-A151	The Viking Age in Scotland	900 CE	Scotland. Orkney. Buckquoy Birsay, United Kingdom	View
VK145	Viking Age England	880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK165	Viking Age England	880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK261	Viking Age England	970 CE	England. Dorset. Ridgeway Hill Mass Grave, United Kingdom	View
VK150	Viking Age England	880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK204	The Viking Age in Scotland	900 CE	Scotland. Orkney. Newark Deerness, United Kingdom	View
VK143	Viking Age England	880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK177	Viking Age England	880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK258	Viking Age England	970 CE	England. Dorset. Ridgeway Hill Mass Grave, United Kingdom	View
VK257	Viking Age England	970 CE	England. Dorset. Ridgeway Hill Mass Grave, United Kingdom	View
VK264	Viking Age England	970 CE	England. Dorset. Ridgeway Hill Mass Grave, United Kingdom	View
VK174	Viking Age England	880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK260	Viking Age England	970 CE	England. Dorset. Ridgeway Hill Mass Grave, United Kingdom	View
VK167	Viking Age England	880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK175	Viking Age England	880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK178	Viking Age England	880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK147	Viking Age England	880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK207	The Viking Age in Scotland	880 CE	Scotland. Orkney. Brough Road Birsay, United Kingdom	View
VK171	Viking Age England	897 CE	Anglesey. Wales. Glyn Llanbedrgoch, United Kingdom	View
VK144	Viking Age England	880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK208	The Viking Age in Scotland	650 CE	Scotland. Orkney. Brough Road Birsay, United Kingdom	View
VK148	Viking Age England	880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK163	Viking Age England	880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK206	The Viking Age in Scotland	900 CE	Scotland. Orkney. Newark Deerness, United Kingdom	View
VK149	Viking Age England	880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK164	Viking Age England	880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK541	Medieval Ukraine	1200 CE	Lutsk, Ukraine	View
VK539	Viking Age Ukraine	900 CE	Shestovitsa, Ukraine	View
VK542	Viking Age Ukraine	1000 CE	Chernigov, Ukraine	View
VK540	Viking Age Ukraine	900 CE	Shestovitsa, Ukraine	View
VK522	Iron Age Sweden	300 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK42	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK533	Viking Age Sweden	800 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK475	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK58	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK468	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK50	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK429	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK303	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK443	Viking Age Sweden	800 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK433	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK337	Viking Age Sweden	709 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK29	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK479	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK399	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK474	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK455	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK478	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK40	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK350	Viking Age Sweden	677 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK402	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK308	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK403	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK332	Viking Age Sweden	710 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK395	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK404	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK473	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK342	Viking Age Sweden	800 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK357	Viking Age Sweden	899 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK397	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK456	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK406	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK353	Viking Age Sweden	901 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK401	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK398	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK343	Viking Age Sweden	800 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK346	Viking Age Sweden	800 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK336	Viking Age Sweden	707 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK349	Viking Age Sweden	690 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK442	Viking Age Sweden	706 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK34	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK396	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK333	Viking Age Sweden	772 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK477	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK352	Viking Age Sweden	800 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK355	Viking Age Sweden	706 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK265	Viking Age Sweden	800 CE	Karda, Sweden	View
VK345	Viking Age Sweden	800 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK527	Viking Age Sweden	1000 CE	Uppsala. Skomsta, Sweden	View
VK335	Viking Age Sweden	800 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK306	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK400	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK517	Viking Age Sweden	1000 CE	Uppsala. Skomsta, Sweden	View
VK348	Viking Age Sweden	800 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK405	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK35	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK358	Viking Age Sweden	705 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK344	Viking Age Sweden	800 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK56	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK444	Viking Age Sweden	706 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK266	Viking Age Sweden	800 CE	Karda, Sweden	View
VK108	Viking Age Sweden	800 CE	Malmo. Ljungbacka, Sweden	View
VK33	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK53	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK354	Viking Age Sweden	892 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK64	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK51	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK334	Viking Age Sweden	901 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK60	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK30	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK31	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK232	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK309	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK48	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK432	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK460	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK461	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK463	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK434	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK431	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK454	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK452	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK407	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK469	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK471	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK438	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK459	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK457	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK430	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK63	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK458	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK428	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK453	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK57	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK268	Viking Age Sweden	800 CE	Karda, Sweden	View
VK439	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK217	Viking Age Sweden	800 CE	Malmo. Ljungbacka, Sweden	View
VK424	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK579	Iron Age Sweden	200 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK450	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK425	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK426	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK39	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK476	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK380	Viking Age Sweden	800 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK427	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK462	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK464	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK269	Viking Age Sweden	800 CE	Karda, Sweden	View
VK379	Early Viking Age Sweden	700 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK440	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK472	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK382	Early Viking Age Sweden	700 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK435	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK267	Viking Age Sweden	800 CE	Karda, Sweden	View
VK251	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK270	Viking Age Sweden	800 CE	Karda, Sweden	View
VK441	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK437	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK347	Viking Age Sweden	800 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK467	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK304	Viking Age Sweden	900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK359	Early Viking Age Sweden	700 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK221	Viking Age Russia	800 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK220	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK219	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK160	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Kurevanikha, Russia	View
VK273	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Gnezdovo, Russia	View
VK15	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK18	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK19	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK218	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK254	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Gnezdovo, Russia	View
VK17	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK20	Viking Age Russia	1000 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK223	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Gnezdovo, Russia	View
VK23	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK159	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Pskov, Russia	View
VK16	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK224	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Gnezdovo, Russia	View
VK272	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Gnezdovo, Russia	View
VK21	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK409	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK408	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK14	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK410	Viking Age Russia	1000 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK466	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Gnezdovo, Russia	View
VK22	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK255	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Gnezdovo, Russia	View
VK158	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Pskov, Russia	View
VK413	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Gnezdovo, Russia	View
VK470	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Gnezdovo, Russia	View
VK161	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Kurevanikha, Russia	View
VK253	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Gnezdovo, Russia	View
VK252	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Gnezdovo, Russia	View
VK222	Viking Age Russia	900 CE	Gnezdovo, Russia	View
VK154	Viking Age Poland	900 CE	Bodzia, Poland	View
VK157	Viking Age Poland	900 CE	Bodzia, Poland	View
VK156	Viking Age Poland	900 CE	Bodzia, Poland	View
VK212	Viking Age Poland	990 CE	Cedynia, Poland	View
VK155	Viking Age Poland	900 CE	Bodzia, Poland	View
VK494	Viking Age Poland	900 CE	Sandomierz, Poland	View
VK211	Medieval Period 2 Poland	1000 CE	Cedynia, Poland	View
VK153	Viking Age Poland	900 CE	Bodzia, Poland	View
VK200	Viking Age Poland	892 CE	Czersk, Poland	View
VK210	Medieval Period 1 Poland	1000 CE	Kraków, Poland	View
VK547	Viking Age Norway	700 CE	Nor North. Nordland, Norway	View
VK548	Viking Age Norway	800 CE	Nor Mid. Nord-Trondelag, Norway	View
VK118	Medieval Norway	1100 CE	Nor Mid. Trondheim, Norway	View
VK448	Viking Age Norway	700 CE	Nor South. Hedmark, Norway	View
VK526	Viking Age Norway	800 CE	Nor North. Nordland, Norway	View
VK529	Viking Age Norway	700 CE	Nor North. Nordland, Norway	View
VK520	Viking Age Norway	900 CE	Nor North. Troms, Norway	View
VK528	Viking Age Norway	700 CE	Nor North. Troms, Norway	View
VK420	Viking Age Norway	700 CE	Nor South. Hedmark, Norway	View
VK524	Viking Age Norway	900 CE	Nor North. Nordland, Norway	View
VK390	Iron Age Norway	400 CE	Nor South. Telemark, Norway	View
VK531	Late Neolithic to Bronze Age Norway	2559 BCE	Nor North. Troms, Norway	View
VK516	Viking Age Norway	900 CE	Nor Mid. Sor-Trondelag, Norway	View
VK386	Viking Age Norway	800 CE	Nor South. Oppland, Norway	View
VK419	Viking Age Norway	500 CE	Nor North. Nordland, Norway	View
VK414	Viking Age Norway	900 CE	Nor South. Oppland, Norway	View
VK415	Viking Age Norway	700 CE	Nor South. Oppland, Norway	View
VK393	Viking Age Norway	900 CE	Nor South. Hedmark, Norway	View
VK417	Viking Age Norway	600 CE	Nor South. Oppland, Norway	View
VK389	Viking Age Norway	900 CE	Nor South. Telemark, Norway	View
VK422	Viking Age Norway	900 CE	Nor South. Hedmark, Norway	View
VK387	Viking Age Norway	900 CE	Nor South. Oppland, Norway	View
VK525	Viking Age Norway	800 CE	Nor North. Nordland, Norway	View
VK514	Viking Age Norway	500 CE	Nor North. Nordland, Norway	View
VK392	Viking Age Norway	700 CE	Nor South. Telemark, Norway	View
VK388	Viking Age Norway	700 CE	Nor North. Nordland, Norway	View
VK523	Iron Age Norway	1 CE	Nor Mid. Sor-Trondelag, Norway	View
VK418	Iron Age Norway	300 CE	Nor North. Nordland, Norway	View
VK530	Viking Age Norway	900 CE	Nor North. Nordland, Norway	View
VK394	Viking Age Norway	900 CE	Nor South. Hedmark, Norway	View
VK515	Viking Age Norway	900 CE	Nor North. Nordland, Norway	View
VK391	Iron Age Norway	400 CE	Nor South. Telemark, Norway	View
VK518	Viking Age Norway	800 CE	Nor North. Nordland, Norway	View
VK117	Medieval Norway	1100 CE	Nor Mid. Trondheim, Norway	View
VK519	Viking Age Norway	500 CE	Nor North. Nordland, Norway	View
VK114	Medieval Norway	1100 CE	Nor Mid. Trondheim, Norway	View
VK124	Medieval Norway	1100 CE	Nor Mid. Trondheim, Norway	View
VK113	Medieval Norway	1100 CE	Nor Mid. Trondheim, Norway	View
VK421	Viking Age Norway	900 CE	Nor South. Oppland, Norway	View
VK116	Medieval Norway	1100 CE	Nor Mid. Trondheim, Norway	View
VK125	Medieval Norway	1100 CE	Nor Mid. Trondheim, Norway	View
VK537	Medieval Italy	1000 CE	Foggia. Cancarro, Italy	View
VK535	Medieval Italy	1215 CE	Foggia. San Lorenzo, Italy	View
VK538	Medieval Italy	1000 CE	Foggia. Cancarro, Italy	View
VK534	Medieval Italy	1047 CE	Foggia. San Lorenzo, Italy	View
VK536	Medieval Italy	1000 CE	Foggia. Cancarro, Italy	View
VK170	Viking Age Isle of Man	800 CE	IsleOfMan. Balladoole, Isle of Man	View
VK545	Viking Age Ireland	665 CE	Dublin. Ship Street Great, Ireland	View
VK544	Viking Age Ireland	800 CE	Dublin. Finglas, Ireland	View
VK543	Viking Age Ireland	800 CE	Eyrephort, Ireland	View
VK546	Viking Age Ireland	800 CE	Dublin. Islandbridge, Ireland	View
VK129	Viking Age Iceland	900 CE	Ingiridarstadir, Iceland	View
VK230	Viking Age Iceland	900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK102	Viking Age Iceland	900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK98	Viking Age Iceland	900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK128	Viking Age Iceland	900 CE	Hringsdalur, Iceland	View
VK101	Viking Age Iceland	900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK110	Viking Age Iceland	900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK122	Viking Age Iceland	900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK95	Viking Age Iceland	900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK111	Viking Age Iceland	900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK123	Viking Age Iceland	900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK99	Viking Age Iceland	900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK127	Viking Age Iceland	900 CE	Hringsdalur, Iceland	View
VK225	Viking Age Iceland	900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK227	Viking Age Iceland	900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK228	Viking Age Iceland	900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK226	Viking Age Iceland	900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK190	Late Norse Greenland	1035 CE	Eastern Settlement. 149, Greenland	View
VK1	Early Norse Greenland	900 CE	Eastern Settlement. 64, Greenland	View
VK513	Early Norse Greenland	900 CE	Eastern Settlement. 029a, Greenland	View
VK6	Early Norse Greenland	900 CE	Eastern Settlement. 64, Greenland	View
VK179	Early Norse Greenland	900 CE	Eastern Settlement. 029a, Greenland	View
VK184	Early Norse Greenland	900 CE	Eastern Settlement. 029a, Greenland	View
VK187	Early Norse Greenland	891 CE	Eastern Settlement. 64, Greenland	View
VK186	Early Norse Greenland	900 CE	Eastern Settlement. 64, Greenland	View
VK183	Early Norse Greenland	900 CE	Eastern Settlement. 029a, Greenland	View
VK75	Late Norse Greenland	893 CE	Western Settlement. V051, Greenland	View
VK11	Early Norse Greenland	900 CE	Eastern Settlement. 64, Greenland	View
VK9	Early Norse Greenland	900 CE	Eastern Settlement. 64, Greenland	View
VK189	Late Norse Greenland	1168 CE	Western Settlement. V007, Greenland	View
VK193	Early Norse Greenland	900 CE	Eastern Settlement. 029a, Greenland	View
VK196	Early Norse Greenland	771 CE	Western Settlement. V051, Greenland	View
VK78	Late Norse Greenland	1024 CE	Western Settlement. V051, Greenland	View
VK191	Late Norse Greenland	1046 CE	Eastern Settlement. 149, Greenland	View
VK182	Early Norse Greenland	900 CE	Eastern Settlement. 029a, Greenland	View
VK180	Early Norse Greenland	900 CE	Eastern Settlement. 029a, Greenland	View
VK77	Late Norse Greenland	1025 CE	Western Settlement. V051, Greenland	View
VK74	Late Norse Greenland	1046 CE	Western Settlement. V051, Greenland	View
VK76	Late Norse Greenland	995 CE	Western Settlement. V051, Greenland	View
VK185	Early Norse Greenland	900 CE	Eastern Settlement. 029a, Greenland	View
VK46	Early Modern Faroe Islands	1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK237	Early Modern Faroe Islands	1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK25	Early Modern Faroe Islands	1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK236	Early Modern Faroe Islands	1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK238	Early Modern Faroe Islands	1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK245	Early Modern Faroe Islands	1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK241	Early Modern Faroe Islands	1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK234	Early Modern Faroe Islands	1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK240	Early Modern Faroe Islands	1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK242	Early Modern Faroe Islands	1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK244	Early Modern Faroe Islands	1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK44	Early Modern Faroe Islands	1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK27	Early Modern Faroe Islands	1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK24	Viking Age Faroe Islands	1000 CE	Faroes. Hvalba, Faroes	View
VK45	Early Modern Faroe Islands	1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK248	Early Modern Faroe Islands	1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK239	Early Modern Faroe Islands	1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK551	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK496	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK487	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK493	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK512	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK550	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK486	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK483	Early Viking Age Estonia	674 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK508	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK511	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK549	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK489	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK510	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK491	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK497	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK481	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK552	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK509	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK553	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK498	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK506	Early Viking Age Estonia	652 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK484	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK495	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK555	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK482	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK505	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK492	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK490	Early Viking Age Estonia	657 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK554	Early Viking Age Estonia	705 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK488	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK480	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK507	Early Viking Age Estonia	706 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK504	Early Viking Age Estonia	700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK485	Early Viking Age Estonia	649 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK521	Iron Age Denmark	200 CE	Sealand. Brondsager Torsiinre, Denmark	View
VK70	Early Viking Age Denmark	700 CE	Sealand. Tollemosegard, Denmark	View
VK532	Iron Age Denmark	1 CE	Sealand. Kragehave Odetofter, Denmark	View
VK279	Viking Age Denmark	900 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK87	Viking Age Denmark	850 CE	Jutland. Hesselbjerg, Denmark	View
VK281	Viking Age Denmark	900 CE	Sealand. Borse, Denmark	View
VK274	Viking Age Denmark	900 CE	Langeland. Kaagarden, Denmark	View
VK446	Viking Age Denmark	800 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK385	Viking Age Denmark	850 CE	Sealand. Lejre, Denmark	View
VK364	Viking Age Denmark	900 CE	Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark	View
VK316	Viking Age Denmark	800 CE	Funen. Hessum, Denmark	View
VK290	Viking Age Denmark	900 CE	Langeland. Kumle hoje, Denmark	View
VK445	Viking Age Denmark	800 CE	Sealand. Gl. Lejre, Denmark	View
VK372	Viking Age Denmark	800 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK320	Viking Age Denmark	900 CE	Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark	View
VK324	Viking Age Denmark	978 CE	Jutland. Ribe, Denmark	View
VK323	Viking Age Denmark	800 CE	Jutland. Ribe, Denmark	View
VK363	Viking Age Denmark	900 CE	Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark	View
VK370	Viking Age Denmark	800 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK326	Viking Age Denmark	774 CE	Jutland. Ribe, Denmark	View
VK361	Viking Age Denmark	900 CE	Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark	View
VK384	Viking Age Denmark	850 CE	Jutland. Hesselbjerg, Denmark	View
VK317	Viking Age Denmark	900 CE	Langeland. Kaagarden, Denmark	View
VK368	Viking Age Denmark	900 CE	Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark	View
VK322	Viking Age Denmark	979 CE	Jutland. Ribe, Denmark	View
VK329	Viking Age Denmark	678 CE	Jutland. Ribe, Denmark	View
VK141	Viking Age Denmark	900 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK327	Viking Age Denmark	894 CE	Jutland. Ribe, Denmark	View
VK328	Viking Age Denmark	772 CE	Jutland. Ribe, Denmark	View
VK369	Viking Age Denmark	850 CE	Sealand. Bakkendrup, Denmark	View
VK373	Viking Age Denmark	800 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK291	Viking Age Denmark	800 CE	Langeland. Bodkergarden, Denmark	View
VK294	Viking Age Denmark	850 CE	Sealand. Bakkendrup, Denmark	View
VK284	Viking Age Denmark	800 CE	Sealand. Trekroner-Grydehej, Denmark	View
VK367	Viking Age Denmark	900 CE	Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark	View
VK84	Viking Age Denmark	850 CE	Jutland. Hesselbjerg, Denmark	View
VK330	Viking Age Denmark	991 CE	Jutland. Ribe, Denmark	View
VK289	Viking Age Denmark	800 CE	Langeland. Bodkergarden, Denmark	View
VK286	Viking Age Denmark	900 CE	Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark	View
VK365	Viking Age Denmark	900 CE	Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark	View
VK288	Viking Age Denmark	900 CE	Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark	View
VK301	Viking Age Denmark	515 CE	Funen. Ladby, Denmark	View
VK69	Early Viking Age Denmark	700 CE	Sealand. Tollemosegard, Denmark	View
VK366	Viking Age Denmark	900 CE	Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark	View
VK297	Early Viking Age Denmark	670 CE	Sealand. Hundstrup Mose, Denmark	View
VK362	Viking Age Denmark	900 CE	Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark	View
VK278	Viking Age Denmark	800 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK371	Viking Age Denmark	780 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK285	Viking Age Denmark	900 CE	Langeland. Kaagarden, Denmark	View
VK340	Viking Age Denmark	850 CE	Jutland. Hesselbjerg, Denmark	View
VK134	Viking Age Denmark	800 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK315	Viking Age Denmark	850 CE	Sealand. Bakkendrup, Denmark	View
VK325	Viking Age Denmark	702 CE	Jutland. Ribe, Denmark	View
VK295	Viking Age Denmark	800 CE	Funen. Hessum, Denmark	View
VK338	Viking Age Denmark	900 CE	Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark	View
VK319	Viking Age Denmark	700 CE	Funen. Ladby, Denmark	View
VK287	Viking Age Denmark	900 CE	Langeland. Kaagarden, Denmark	View
VK300	Viking Age Denmark	850 CE	Jutland. Hesselbjerg, Denmark	View
VK296	Early Viking Age Denmark	660 CE	Sealand. Hundstrup Mose, Denmark	View
VK275	Viking Age Denmark	900 CE	Langeland. Kaagarden, Denmark	View
VK282	Viking Age Denmark	900 CE	Langeland. Stengade I, Denmark	View
VK65	Early Viking Age Denmark	700 CE	Sealand. Tollemosegard, Denmark	View
VK298	Viking Age Denmark	800 CE	Sealand. Besser, Denmark	View
VK139	Viking Age Denmark	800 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK312	Viking Age Denmark	850 CE	Funen. Rantzausminde, Denmark	View
VK138	Viking Age Denmark	800 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK280	Viking Age Denmark	800 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK313	Viking Age Denmark	850 CE	Funen. Rantzausminde, Denmark	View
VK314	Viking Age Denmark	850 CE	Funen. Rantzausminde, Denmark	View
VK92	Viking Age Denmark	850 CE	Sealand. Lejre, Denmark	View
VK90	Viking Age Denmark	850 CE	Sealand. Lejre, Denmark	View
VK71	Early Viking Age Denmark	700 CE	Sealand. Tollemosegard, Denmark	View
VK214	Late Neolithic to Bronze Age Denmark	2011 BCE	Sealand. Gerdrup, Denmark	View
VK213	Iron Age Denmark	260 CE	Sealand. Gerdrup, Denmark	View
VK276	Viking Age Denmark	900 CE	Langeland. Kaagarden, Denmark	View
VK94	Viking Age Denmark	800 CE	Sealand. Gl. Lejre, Denmark	View
VK292	Viking Age Denmark	900 CE	Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark	View
VK582	Iron Age Denmark	1 CE	Jutland. Alken Enge, Denmark	View
VK215	Viking Age Denmark	800 CE	Sealand. Gerdrup, Denmark	View
VK247	Viking Age Denmark	850 CE	Sealand. Lejre, Denmark	View
VK383	Viking Age Denmark	850 CE	Jutland. Hesselbjerg, Denmark	View
VK216	Viking Age Denmark	800 CE	Sealand. Gerdrup, Denmark	View
VK133	Viking Age Denmark	700 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK411	Viking Age Denmark	800 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK339	Viking Age Denmark	850 CE	Jutland. Hesselbjerg, Denmark	View
VK140	Viking Age Denmark	800 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK86	Viking Age Denmark	850 CE	Jutland. Hesselbjerg, Denmark	View
VK135	Viking Age Denmark	800 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK318	Viking Age Denmark	900 CE	Langeland. Hesselbjergmarken, Denmark	View
VK201	The Viking Age in Scotland	404 CE	Scotland. Orkney. Brough Road Birsay, United Kingdom	View
VK202	The Viking Age in Scotland	54 CE	Scotland. Orkney. Brough Road Birsay, United Kingdom	View
VK201		404 CE	Scotland. Orkney. Buckquoy Birsay, United Kingdom	View
VK202		900 CE	Scotland. Orkney. Buckquoy Birsay, United Kingdom	View
VK101		900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK102		900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK108		800 CE	Malmo. Ljungbacka, Sweden	View
VK110		900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK111		900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK113		1100 CE	Nor Mid. Trondheim, Norway	View
VK114		1100 CE	Nor Mid. Trondheim, Norway	View
VK116		1100 CE	Nor Mid. Trondheim, Norway	View
VK117		1100 CE	Nor Mid. Trondheim, Norway	View
VK118		1100 CE	Nor Mid. Trondheim, Norway	View
VK11		900 CE	Eastern Settlement. 64, Greenland	View
VK122		900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK123		900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK124		1100 CE	Nor Mid. Trondheim, Norway	View
VK125		1100 CE	Nor Mid. Trondheim, Norway	View
VK127		900 CE	Hringsdalur, Iceland	View
VK128		900 CE	Hringsdalur, Iceland	View
VK129		900 CE	Ingiridarstadir, Iceland	View
VK133		700 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK134		800 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK135		800 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK138		800 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK139		800 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK140		800 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK141		900 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK143		880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK144		880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK145		880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK146		880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK147		880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK148		880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK149		880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK14		900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK150		880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK151		880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK153		900 CE	Bodzia, Poland	View
VK154		900 CE	Bodzia, Poland	View
VK155		900 CE	Bodzia, Poland	View
VK156		900 CE	Bodzia, Poland	View
VK157		900 CE	Bodzia, Poland	View
VK158		900 CE	Pskov, Russia	View
VK159		900 CE	Pskov, Russia	View
VK15		900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK160		900 CE	Kurevanikha, Russia	View
VK161		900 CE	Kurevanikha, Russia	View
VK163		880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK164		880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK165		880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK166		880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK167		880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK168		880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK16		900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK170		800 CE	IsleOfMan. Balladoole, Isle of Man	View
VK171		897 CE	Anglesey. Wales. Glyn Llanbedrgoch, United Kingdom	View
VK172		880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK173		880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK174		880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK175		880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK176		880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK177		880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK178		880 CE	England. Oxford. St John's College Oxford, United Kingdom	View
VK179		900 CE	Eastern Settlement. 029a, Greenland	View
VK17		900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK180		900 CE	Eastern Settlement. 029a, Greenland	View
VK182		900 CE	Eastern Settlement. 029a, Greenland	View
VK183		900 CE	Eastern Settlement. 029a, Greenland	View
VK184		900 CE	Eastern Settlement. 029a, Greenland	View
VK185		900 CE	Eastern Settlement. 029a, Greenland	View
VK186		900 CE	Eastern Settlement. 64, Greenland	View
VK187		891 CE	Eastern Settlement. 64, Greenland	View
VK189		1168 CE	Western Settlement. V007, Greenland	View
VK18		900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK190		1035 CE	Eastern Settlement. 149, Greenland	View
VK191		1046 CE	Eastern Settlement. 149, Greenland	View
VK193		900 CE	Eastern Settlement. 029a, Greenland	View
VK196		771 CE	Western Settlement. V051, Greenland	View
VK19		900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK1		900 CE	Eastern Settlement. 64, Greenland	View
VK200		892 CE	Czersk, Poland	View
VK203		54 CE	Scotland. Orkney. Brough Road Birsay, United Kingdom	View
VK204		900 CE	Scotland. Orkney. Newark Deerness, United Kingdom	View
VK205		890 CE	Scotland. Orkney. Newark Deerness, United Kingdom	View
VK206		900 CE	Scotland. Orkney. Newark Deerness, United Kingdom	View
VK207		880 CE	Scotland. Orkney. Brough Road Birsay, United Kingdom	View
VK208		650 CE	Scotland. Orkney. Brough Road Birsay, United Kingdom	View
VK20		1000 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK210		1000 CE	Krak�w, Poland	View
VK211		1000 CE	Cedynia, Poland	View
VK212		990 CE	Cedynia, Poland	View
VK213		260 CE	Sealand. Gerdrup, Denmark	View
VK214		2011 BCE	Sealand. Gerdrup, Denmark	View
VK215		800 CE	Sealand. Gerdrup, Denmark	View
VK216		800 CE	Sealand. Gerdrup, Denmark	View
VK217		800 CE	Malmo. Ljungbacka, Sweden	View
VK218		900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK219		900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK21		900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK220		900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK221		800 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK222		900 CE	Gnezdovo, Russia	View
VK223		900 CE	Gnezdovo, Russia	View
VK224		900 CE	Gnezdovo, Russia	View
VK225		900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK226		900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK227		900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK228		900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK22		900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK230		900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK232		900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK234		1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK236		1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK237		1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK238		1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK239		1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK23		900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK240		1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK241		1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK242		1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK244		1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK245		1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK247		850 CE	Sealand. Lejre, Denmark	View
VK248		1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK24		1000 CE	Faroes. Hvalba, Faroes	View
VK251		900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK252		900 CE	Gnezdovo, Russia	View
VK253		900 CE	Gnezdovo, Russia	View
VK254		900 CE	Gnezdovo, Russia	View
VK255		900 CE	Gnezdovo, Russia	View
VK256		970 CE	England. Dorset. Ridgeway Hill Mass Grave, United Kingdom	View
VK257		970 CE	England. Dorset. Ridgeway Hill Mass Grave, United Kingdom	View
VK258		970 CE	England. Dorset. Ridgeway Hill Mass Grave, United Kingdom	View
VK259		970 CE	England. Dorset. Ridgeway Hill Mass Grave, United Kingdom	View
VK25		1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK260		970 CE	England. Dorset. Ridgeway Hill Mass Grave, United Kingdom	View
VK261		970 CE	England. Dorset. Ridgeway Hill Mass Grave, United Kingdom	View
VK262		970 CE	England. Dorset. Ridgeway Hill Mass Grave, United Kingdom	View
VK263		970 CE	England. Dorset. Ridgeway Hill Mass Grave, United Kingdom	View
VK264		970 CE	England. Dorset. Ridgeway Hill Mass Grave, United Kingdom	View
VK265		800 CE	Karda, Sweden	View
VK266		800 CE	Karda, Sweden	View
VK267		800 CE	Karda, Sweden	View
VK268		800 CE	Karda, Sweden	View
VK269		800 CE	Karda, Sweden	View
VK270		800 CE	Karda, Sweden	View
VK272		900 CE	Gnezdovo, Russia	View
VK273		900 CE	Gnezdovo, Russia	View
VK274		900 CE	Langeland. Kaagarden, Denmark	View
VK275		900 CE	Langeland. Kaagarden, Denmark	View
VK276		900 CE	Langeland. Kaagarden, Denmark	View
VK278		800 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK279		900 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK27		1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK280		800 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK281		900 CE	Sealand. Borse, Denmark	View
VK282		900 CE	Langeland. Stengade I, Denmark	View
VK284		800 CE	Sealand. Trekroner-Grydehej, Denmark	View
VK285		900 CE	Langeland. Kaagarden, Denmark	View
VK286		900 CE	Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark	View
VK287		900 CE	Langeland. Kaagarden, Denmark	View
VK288		900 CE	Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark	View
VK289		800 CE	Langeland. Bodkergarden, Denmark	View
VK290		900 CE	Langeland. Kumle hoje, Denmark	View
VK291		800 CE	Langeland. Bodkergarden, Denmark	View
VK292		900 CE	Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark	View
VK294		850 CE	Sealand. Bakkendrup, Denmark	View
VK295		800 CE	Funen. Hessum, Denmark	View
VK296		660 CE	Sealand. Hundstrup Mose, Denmark	View
VK297		670 CE	Sealand. Hundstrup Mose, Denmark	View
VK298		800 CE	Sealand. Besser, Denmark	View
VK29		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK300		850 CE	Jutland. Hesselbjerg, Denmark	View
VK301		515 CE	Funen. Ladby, Denmark	View
VK303		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK304		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK306		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK308		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK309		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK30		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK312		850 CE	Funen. Rantzausminde, Denmark	View
VK313		850 CE	Funen. Rantzausminde, Denmark	View
VK314		850 CE	Funen. Rantzausminde, Denmark	View
VK315		850 CE	Sealand. Bakkendrup, Denmark	View
VK316		800 CE	Funen. Hessum, Denmark	View
VK317		900 CE	Langeland. Kaagarden, Denmark	View
VK318		900 CE	Langeland. Hesselbjergmarken, Denmark	View
VK319		700 CE	Funen. Ladby, Denmark	View
VK31		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK320		900 CE	Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark	View
VK322		979 CE	Jutland. Ribe, Denmark	View
VK323		800 CE	Jutland. Ribe, Denmark	View
VK324		978 CE	Jutland. Ribe, Denmark	View
VK325		702 CE	Jutland. Ribe, Denmark	View
VK326		774 CE	Jutland. Ribe, Denmark	View
VK327		894 CE	Jutland. Ribe, Denmark	View
VK328		772 CE	Jutland. Ribe, Denmark	View
VK329		678 CE	Jutland. Ribe, Denmark	View
VK330		991 CE	Jutland. Ribe, Denmark	View
VK332		710 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK333		772 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK334		901 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK335		800 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK336		707 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK337		709 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK338		900 CE	Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark	View
VK339		850 CE	Jutland. Hesselbjerg, Denmark	View
VK33		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK340		850 CE	Jutland. Hesselbjerg, Denmark	View
VK342		800 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK343		800 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK344		800 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK345		800 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK346		800 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK347		800 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK348		800 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK349		690 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK34		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK350		677 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK352		800 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK353		901 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK354		892 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK355		706 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK357		899 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK358		705 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK359		700 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK35		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK361		900 CE	Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark	View
VK362		900 CE	Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark	View
VK363		900 CE	Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark	View
VK364		900 CE	Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark	View
VK365		900 CE	Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark	View
VK366		900 CE	Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark	View
VK367		900 CE	Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark	View
VK368		900 CE	Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark	View
VK369		850 CE	Sealand. Bakkendrup, Denmark	View
VK370		800 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK371		780 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK372		800 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK373		800 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK379		700 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK380		800 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK382		700 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK383		850 CE	Jutland. Hesselbjerg, Denmark	View
VK384		850 CE	Jutland. Hesselbjerg, Denmark	View
VK385		850 CE	Sealand. Lejre, Denmark	View
VK386		800 CE	Nor South. Oppland, Norway	View
VK387		900 CE	Nor South. Oppland, Norway	View
VK388		700 CE	Nor North. Nordland, Norway	View
VK389		900 CE	Nor South. Telemark, Norway	View
VK390		400 CE	Nor South. Telemark, Norway	View
VK391		400 CE	Nor South. Telemark, Norway	View
VK392		700 CE	Nor South. Telemark, Norway	View
VK393		900 CE	Nor South. Hedmark, Norway	View
VK394		900 CE	Nor South. Hedmark, Norway	View
VK395		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK396		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK397		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK398		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK399		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK39		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK400		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK401		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK402		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK403		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK404		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK405		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK406		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK407		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK408		900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK409		900 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK40		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK410		1000 CE	Ladoga, Russia	View
VK411		800 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK413		900 CE	Gnezdovo, Russia	View
VK414		900 CE	Nor South. Oppland, Norway	View
VK415		700 CE	Nor South. Oppland, Norway	View
VK417		600 CE	Nor South. Oppland, Norway	View
VK418		300 CE	Nor North. Nordland, Norway	View
VK419		500 CE	Nor North. Nordland, Norway	View
VK420		700 CE	Nor South. Hedmark, Norway	View
VK421		900 CE	Nor South. Oppland, Norway	View
VK422		900 CE	Nor South. Hedmark, Norway	View
VK424		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK425		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK426		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK427		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK428		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK429		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK42		900 CE	Skara. Varnhem, Sweden	View
VK430		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK431		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK432		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK433		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK434		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK435		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK437		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK438		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK439		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK440		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK441		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK442		706 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK443		800 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK444		706 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK445		800 CE	Sealand. Gl. Lejre, Denmark	View
VK446		800 CE	Funen. Galgedil, Denmark	View
VK448		700 CE	Nor South. Hedmark, Norway	View
VK449		970 CE	England. Dorset. Ridgeway Hill Mass Grave, United Kingdom	View
VK44		1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK450		900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK452		900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK453		900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK454		900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK455		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK456		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK457		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK458		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK459		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK45		1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK460		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK461		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK462		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK463		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK464		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK466		900 CE	Gnezdovo, Russia	View
VK467		900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK468		900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK469		900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK46		1500 CE	Faroes. Church2, Faroes	View
VK470		900 CE	Gnezdovo, Russia	View
VK471		900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK472		900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK473		900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK474		900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK475		900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK476		900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK477		900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK478		900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK479		900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK480		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK481		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK482		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK483		674 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK484		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK485		649 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK486		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK487		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK488		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK489		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK48		900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK490		657 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK491		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK492		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK493		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK494		900 CE	Sandomierz, Poland	View
VK495		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK496		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK497		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK498		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK504		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK505		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK506		652 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK507		706 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK508		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK509		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK50		900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK510		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK511		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK512		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK513		900 CE	Eastern Settlement. 029a, Greenland	View
VK514		500 CE	Nor North. Nordland, Norway	View
VK515		900 CE	Nor North. Nordland, Norway	View
VK516		900 CE	Nor Mid. Sor-Trondelag, Norway	View
VK517		1000 CE	Uppsala. Skomsta, Sweden	View
VK518		800 CE	Nor North. Nordland, Norway	View
VK519		500 CE	Nor North. Nordland, Norway	View
VK51		900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK520		900 CE	Nor North. Troms, Norway	View
VK521		200 CE	Sealand. Brondsager Torsiinre, Denmark	View
VK522		300 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK523		1 CE	Nor Mid. Sor-Trondelag, Norway	View
VK524		900 CE	Nor North. Nordland, Norway	View
VK525		800 CE	Nor North. Nordland, Norway	View
VK526		800 CE	Nor North. Nordland, Norway	View
VK527		1000 CE	Uppsala. Skomsta, Sweden	View
VK528		700 CE	Nor North. Troms, Norway	View
VK529		700 CE	Nor North. Nordland, Norway	View
VK530		900 CE	Nor North. Nordland, Norway	View
VK531		2559 BCE	Nor North. Troms, Norway	View
VK532		1 CE	Sealand. Kragehave Odetofter, Denmark	View
VK533		800 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK534		1047 CE	Foggia. San Lorenzo, Italy	View
VK535		1215 CE	Foggia. San Lorenzo, Italy	View
VK536		1000 CE	Foggia. Cancarro, Italy	View
VK537		1000 CE	Foggia. Cancarro, Italy	View
VK538		1000 CE	Foggia. Cancarro, Italy	View
VK539		900 CE	Shestovitsa, Ukraine	View
VK53		900 CE	Gotland. Kopparsvik, Sweden	View
VK540		900 CE	Shestovitsa, Ukraine	View
VK541		1200 CE	Lutsk, Ukraine	View
VK542		1000 CE	Chernigov, Ukraine	View
VK543		800 CE	Eyrephort, Ireland	View
VK544		800 CE	Dublin. Finglas, Ireland	View
VK545		665 CE	Dublin. Ship Street Great, Ireland	View
VK546		800 CE	Dublin. Islandbridge, Ireland	View
VK547		700 CE	Nor North. Nordland, Norway	View
VK548		800 CE	Nor Mid. Nord-Trondelag, Norway	View
VK549		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK550		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK551		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK552		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK553		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK554		705 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK555		700 CE	Saaremaa. Salme, Estonia	View
VK56		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK579		200 CE	Oland, Sweden	View
VK57		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK582		1 CE	Jutland. Alken Enge, Denmark	View
VK58		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK60		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK63		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK64		900 CE	Gotland. Frojel, Sweden	View
VK65		700 CE	Sealand. Tollemosegard, Denmark	View
VK69		700 CE	Sealand. Tollemosegard, Denmark	View
VK6		900 CE	Eastern Settlement. 64, Greenland	View
VK70		700 CE	Sealand. Tollemosegard, Denmark	View
VK71		700 CE	Sealand. Tollemosegard, Denmark	View
VK74		1046 CE	Western Settlement. V051, Greenland	View
VK75		893 CE	Western Settlement. V051, Greenland	View
VK76		995 CE	Western Settlement. V051, Greenland	View
VK77		1025 CE	Western Settlement. V051, Greenland	View
VK78		1024 CE	Western Settlement. V051, Greenland	View
VK84		850 CE	Jutland. Hesselbjerg, Denmark	View
VK86		850 CE	Jutland. Hesselbjerg, Denmark	View
VK87		850 CE	Jutland. Hesselbjerg, Denmark	View
VK90		850 CE	Sealand. Lejre, Denmark	View
VK92		850 CE	Sealand. Lejre, Denmark	View
VK94		800 CE	Sealand. Gl. Lejre, Denmark	View
VK95		900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK98		900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK99		900 CE	Hofstadir, Iceland	View
VK9		900 CE	Eastern Settlement. 64, Greenland	View

Sample ID	Culture/Period	Date	Location	Action
VK154	Viking Age Poland	900 CE	Bodzia, Poland	View
VK157	Viking Age Poland	900 CE	Bodzia, Poland	View
VK156	Viking Age Poland	900 CE	Bodzia, Poland	View
VK212	Viking Age Poland	990 CE	Cedynia, Poland	View
VK155	Viking Age Poland	900 CE	Bodzia, Poland	View
VK494	Viking Age Poland	900 CE	Sandomierz, Poland	View
VK153	Viking Age Poland	900 CE	Bodzia, Poland	View
VK200	Viking Age Poland	892 CE	Czersk, Poland	View

Ancient Genetic Admixture

Ancient genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (VK153) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles ancient populations from different geographic regions.

Western Steppe Pastoralists 40%

European Hunter-Gatherers 38%

Neolithic Farmers 10%

Ancient Asians 9%

Ancient Native Americans 3%

Modern Genetic Admixture

Modern genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (VK153) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles modern populations from different geographic regions.

These results complement the ancient ancestry components shown in the previous section, offering a different perspective on the individual's genetic profile by comparing it with modern reference populations rather than prehistoric ancestral groups.

Europe 97%

Northwestern European 63%

Finnish 34.3%

Northwestern European 21.3%

English 7.2%

Southern European 22%

Balkan 11.8%

Italian 10.7%

Eastern European 12%

Eastern European 11.9%

Asia 3%

Northern West Asian 3%

Cypriot 1.7%

Anatolian 1.3%

G25 Coordinates

The G25 coordinates for the sample VK153 are as follows. You can analyze its admixture using G25 Studio.

VK153,0.12925078,0.1205246,0.07390006,0.06294798,0.04188412,0.02306986,0.0093579,0.01376002,0.0023324,-0.01695054,-0.0011395,-0.0037422,0.00651972,0.01022814,0.00578614,-0.00571666,-0.00880326,-0.00044962,0.00280914,-0.00098838,0.0008216,-0.00137076,-0.00105062,0.00140766,-0.00037173

Analyze it in G25 Studio

Scientific Papers References

Population genomics of the Viking world

Authors:

Margaryan A, Lawson DJ, Sikora M

Abstract:

The maritime expansion of Scandinavian populations during the Viking Age (about AD 750-1050) was a far-flung transformation in world history1,2. Here we sequenced the genomes of 442 humans from archaeological sites across Europe and Greenland (to a median depth of about 1×) to understand the global influence of this expansion. We find the Viking period involved gene flow into Scandinavia from the south and east. We observe genetic structure within Scandinavia, with diversity hotspots in the south and restricted gene flow within Scandinavia. We find evidence for a major influx of Danish ancestry into England; a Swedish influx into the Baltic; and Norwegian influx into Ireland, Iceland and Greenland. Additionally, we see substantial ancestry from elsewhere in Europe entering Scandinavia during the Viking Age. Our ancient DNA analysis also revealed that a Viking expedition included close family members. By comparing with modern populations, we find that pigmentation-associated loci have undergone strong population differentiation during the past millennium, and trace positively selected loci-including the lactase-persistence allele of LCT and alleles of ANKA that are associated with the immune response-in detail. We conclude that the Viking diaspora was characterized by substantial transregional engagement: distinct populations influenced the genomic makeup of different regions of Europe, and Scandinavia experienced increased contact with the rest of the continent.

Link:

View Publication