A man buried in Turkmenistan in the Copper Age era

I8504

Disclaimer: The portrait shown is a speculative reconstruction and not the actual face of the ancient sample. It represents an artistic interpretation based on archaeological data.

Specimen Details

Sample ID:

I8504

Date:

3096 BCE - 2919 BCE

Biological Sex:

Male

mtDNA:

T2d2

Y-DNA:

J-ZS6592

Cultural Period:

Chalcolithic Geoksyur

Location

Country:

Turkmenistan

Locality:

Geoksyur

Coordinates:

37.1907, 61.0343

Map Location

Historical Timeline

Description

The Chalcolithic Geoksyur culture, named after the archaeological site of Geoksyur, is a significant prehistoric era in the context of the Central Asian Chalcolithic period, spanning approximately from 4500 to 3000 BCE. It is situated primarily in the present-day territory of Turkmenistan, notably in the area around the Murghab River deltas near modern-day Mary. The culture is part of a broader spectrum of Chalcolithic societies in Central Asia that made significant strides in social, technological, and economic development.

Geographic and Environmental Context

Geoksyur lies in a semi-arid region, characterized by its river deltas, which provided a fertile environment for early agricultural activities. The land here offered a patchwork of oases that were critical to sustaining human settlements. These conditions facilitated the emergence of a sedentary lifestyle and the advancement from a hunter-gatherer society to one rooted in agriculture and animal husbandry.

Material Culture

One of the defining aspects of the Geoksyur culture is its material culture, which includes pottery, architecture, and tools. Pottery from this era is noteworthy for its functional relevance and gradual sophistication over time, featuring a variety of forms such as bowls, jars, and beakers. The pottery often displays incised or painted decorations that suggest an aesthetic evolution and possibly a symbolic or ritualistic purpose.

The Geoksyur people exhibited advances in metallurgy, with the use of copper tools and ornaments becoming more prevalent. This indicates not only technological development but also trade, as copper resources were not locally available in abundant quantities, suggesting the presence of trade networks.

Architecture and Settlement Patterns

Settlements from the Geoksyur period were typically composed of mud-brick structures, indicative of a transition toward permanent dwelling places. These settlements were often organized, suggesting a level of social complexity and possibly hierarchical social structures. The layout of homes and communal buildings provides insights into the domestic and community life of the people, showcasing the shift from nomadic to more stable, organized communities.

Economy and Subsistence

The economy of the Geoksyur culture was primarily based on agriculture and livestock breeding. The fertile delta lands were suitable for cultivating barley and wheat, while evidence suggests the domestication of sheep, goats, and cattle. This agricultural base provided not only food security but also surpluses that might have led to the development of trade and specialization of labor.

Social and Cultural Aspects

The Geoksyur culture exhibited growing social complexity, which can be inferred from the differentiation in burial practices and grave goods, suggesting social stratification. Artifacts such as ornaments made from exotic materials imply a degree of wealth and status differentiation. Furthermore, communal activities, perhaps evidenced by public structures or ritualistic spaces, indicate a shared cultural or religious life.

External Influences and Interactions

The Geoksyur culture did not develop in isolation; it interacted with neighboring cultures, part of a larger network in the Eurasian steppe and beyond. These interactions helped stimulate technological and cultural exchanges, evident in similar pottery styles and shared metallurgical techniques.

Conclusion

The Chalcolithic Geoksyur culture represents a pivotal epoch in Central Asian prehistory, marked by significant transformations in economics, social structure, technology, and interaction with neighboring cultures. The advancements made during this period laid essential foundations for subsequent cultural and technological developments in the region, influencing later civilizations that rose in Central Asia and beyond. Comprehensive archaeological investigations continue to expand our understanding of this intriguing culture, offering valuable insights into the early developments of human civilization in this pivotal area.

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I2085	Bronze Age Gonur	2020 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I2087	Bronze Age Gonur	2197 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I2116	Bronze Age Gonur	2123 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I2121	Bronze Age Gonur	2204 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I2122	Bronze Age Gonur	2140 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I2123	Bronze Age Gonur	2451 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I2125	Bronze Age Gonur	2138 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I2128	Bronze Age Gonur	2199 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I2922	Chalcolithic Tepe Hissar	2198 BCE	Tepe Hissar, Iran	View
I2927	Chalcolithic Tepe Hissar	2575 BCE	Tepe Hissar, Iran	View
I2928	Chalcolithic Tepe Hissar	2857 BCE	Tepe Hissar, Iran	View
I2960	Ghaznavid Udegram	1000 CE	Swat Valley. Udegram, Pakistan	View
I3374	Bronze Age Gonur	2131 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I3448	Mid-Late Bronze Dali	1900 BCE	Byan Zherek. eastern spur. Dali, Kazakhstan	View
I3456	Late Bronze Tasbas	1121 BCE	Tasbas. Byan Zherek, Kazakhstan	View
I7207	Corded Ware Period	2561 BCE	Radosevice, Czech Republic	View
I7208	Corded Ware Period	2464 BCE	Radosevice, Czech Republic	View
I7209	Corded Ware Period	2456 BCE	Radosevice, Czech Republic	View
I6712	Afanasievo Culture	2857 BCE	Middle Yenisei region. Afanasieva Gora, Russia	View
I6711	Afanasievo Culture	2950 BCE	Middle Yenisei region. Afanasieva Gora, Russia	View
I6718	Mid-Late Bronze Krasnoyarsk	1615 BCE	Krasnoyarsk Krai. near Orak Ulus. Orak burial place, Russia	View
I4157	Bronze Age Bustan	1600 BCE	Bustan, Uzbekistan	View
I6707	Mid-Late Bronze Bylkyldak	1531 BCE	Karaganda region. Bylkyldak, Kazakhstan	View
I6708	Middle Bronze Kanai	2196 BCE	Northeastern Kazakhstan. Kanai Cemetery, Kazakhstan	View
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I6788	Mid-Late Bronze Alakul Lisakovskiy	1870 BCE	Lisakovskiy, Kazakhstan	View
I6789	Mid-Late Bronze Maitan Alakul	1879 BCE	Maitan, Kazakhstan	View
I6790	Mid-Late Bronze Maitan Alakul	1874 BCE	Maitan, Kazakhstan	View
I6791	Mid-Late Bronze Maitan Alakul	1870 BCE	Maitan, Kazakhstan	View
I6792	Mid-Late Bronze Maitan Alakul	1878 BCE	Maitan, Kazakhstan	View
I6793	Mid-Late Bronze Maitan Alakul	1743 BCE	Maitan, Kazakhstan	View
I6794	Mid-Late Bronze Maitan Alakul	1876 BCE	Maitan, Kazakhstan	View
I6795	Mid-Late Bronze Maitan Alakul	1748 BCE	Maitan, Kazakhstan	View
I6796	Mid-Late Bronze Maitan Alakul	1882 BCE	Maitan, Kazakhstan	View
I6797	Mid-Late Bronze Maitan Alakul	1874 BCE	Maitan, Kazakhstan	View
I6799	Mid-Late Bronze Alakul Satan	1876 BCE	Satan, Kazakhstan	View
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I7102	Bronze Age Gonur	2000 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I7170	Bronze Age Gonur	2000 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I7171	Bronze Age Gonur	2500 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
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I7173	Bronze Age Gonur	2500 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I7412	Bronze Age Dzharkutan	1748 BCE	Dzharkutan, Uzbekistan	View
I7414	Bronze Age Sapalli Tepe	2031 BCE	Sappali Tepe, Uzbekistan	View
I7416	Bronze Age Sapalli Tepe	1949 BCE	Sappali Tepe, Uzbekistan	View
I7419	Bronze Age Sapalli Tepe	1881 BCE	Sappali Tepe, Uzbekistan	View
I7420	Bronze Age Sapalli Tepe	2000 BCE	Sappali Tepe, Uzbekistan	View
I7421	Bronze Age Sapalli Tepe	1935 BCE	Sappali Tepe, Uzbekistan	View
I7492	Bronze Age Sapalli Tepe	2010 BCE	Sappali Tepe, Uzbekistan	View
I7493	Bronze Age Sapalli Tepe	2000 BCE	Sappali Tepe, Uzbekistan	View
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I7495	Bronze Age Sapalli Tepe	2010 BCE	Sappali Tepe, Uzbekistan	View
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I4158	Bronze Age Bustan	1600 BCE	Bustan, Uzbekistan	View
I6695	Corded Ware Period	2900 BCE	Bilina, Czech Republic	View
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I6716	Mid-Late Bronze Krasnoyarsk	1731 BCE	Krasnoyarsk Krai. near Orak Ulus. Orak burial place, Russia	View
I6717	Mid-Late Bronze Krasnoyarsk	1498 BCE	Krasnoyarsk Krai. near Orak Ulus. Orak burial place, Russia	View
I1783	Bronze Age Gonur	2276 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
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I0233	Srubnaya Culture	1850 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Tatarstan oblast. forest-steppe zone. Novosel'ki, Russia	View
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I1060	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1062	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1065	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
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I1024	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1063	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
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I1053	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	1928 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1027	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2008 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1056	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	1886 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1057	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	1951 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
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I3769	Late Bronze Molaly	1400 BCE	Talpaty II. Almaty. Karasu. Molaly Kurgan, Kazakhstan	View
I3788	Mid-Late Bronze Oy-Dzhaylau	1675 BCE	Oy-Dzhaylau III, Kazakhstan	View
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I4258	Bronze Age Dashti Kozy	1615 BCE	Dashty-Kozy, Tajikistan	View
I4259	Chalcolithic Parkhai	3315 BCE	Parkhai II, Turkmenistan	View
I4262	Mid-Late Bronze Karagash	1881 BCE	Karagash 2, Kazakhstan	View
I4263	Mid-Late Bronze Karagash	1867 BCE	Karagash 2, Kazakhstan	View
I4264	Mid-Late Bronze Aktogai	1731 BCE	Aktogai, Kazakhstan	View
I4265	Mid-Late Bronze Aktogai	1621 BCE	Aktogai, Kazakhstan	View
I4267	Late Bronze Zevakinskiy	1200 BCE	Zevakinskiy stone fence, Kazakhstan	View
I4285	Bronze Age Sapalli Tepe	1873 BCE	Sappali Tepe, Uzbekistan	View
I4286	Bronze Age Sapalli Tepe	1886 BCE	Sappali Tepe, Uzbekistan	View
I4288	Bronze Age Sapalli Tepe	2000 BCE	Sappali Tepe, Uzbekistan	View
I4289	Bronze Age Sapalli Tepe	1935 BCE	Sappali Tepe, Uzbekistan	View
I1784	Bronze Age Gonur	2204 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I1821	Mid-Late Bronze Krasnoyarsk	1612 BCE	Minusinsk Basin. Potroshilovo II, Russia	View
I1828	Mid-Late Bronze Krasnoyarsk	1612 BCE	Minusinsk Basin. Ust-Bir IV, Russia	View
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I1851	Mid-Late Bronze Krasnoyarsk	1607 BCE	Minusinsk Basin. Ust-Bir IV, Russia	View
I1852	Mid-Late Bronze Krasnoyarsk	1614 BCE	Minusinsk Basin. Ust-Bir IV, Russia	View
I1853	Mid-Late Bronze Krasnoyarsk	1612 BCE	Minusinsk Basin. Potroshilovo II, Russia	View
I1856	Mid-Late Bronze Krasnoyarsk	1686 BCE	Minusinsk Basin. Potroshilovo II, Russia	View
I1958	Hunter-Gatherer Tyumen	4723 BCE	Siberia. western. Tyumen Oblast, Russia	View
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I2513	Chalcolithic Tepe Hissar	2847 BCE	Tepe Hissar, Iran	View
I2514	Chalcolithic Tepe Hissar	2471 BCE	Tepe Hissar, Iran	View
I2923	Chalcolithic Tepe Hissar	2879 BCE	Tepe Hissar, Iran	View
I2924	Chalcolithic Tepe Hissar	2882 BCE	Tepe Hissar, Iran	View
I2925	Chalcolithic Tepe Hissar	2882 BCE	Tepe Hissar, Iran	View
I2954	Saidu Sharif Iron Age Complex in Swat Valley, Pakistan	402 BCE	Swat Valley. Saidu Sharif, Pakistan	View
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I4295	Late Bronze Zevakinskiy	1216 BCE	Zevakinskiy stone fence, Kazakhstan	View
I4312	Bronze Age Dzharkutan	1741 BCE	Dzharkutan, Uzbekistan	View
I4313	Bronze Age Dzharkutan	1508 BCE	Dzharkutan, Uzbekistan	View
I4314	Bronze Age Dzharkutan	1884 BCE	Dzharkutan, Uzbekistan	View
I4315	Bronze Age Dzharkutan	1540 BCE	Dzharkutan, Uzbekistan	View
I4318	Mid-Late Bronze Kairan	1863 BCE	Kairan, Kazakhstan	View
I4321	Mid-Late Bronze Kazakh Mys	1621 BCE	Kazakh Mys, Kazakhstan	View
I4322	Mid-Late Bronze Kazakh Mys	1612 BCE	Kazakh Mys, Kazakhstan	View
I4323	Mid-Late Bronze Kyzlbulak	1741 BCE	Kyzyl Bulak 1, Kazakhstan	View
I4566	Mid-Late Bronze Kairan	1732 BCE	Kairan, Kazakhstan	View
I4773	Mid-Late Bronze Aktogai	1613 BCE	Aktogai, Kazakhstan	View
I4774	Mid-Late Bronze Aktogai	1612 BCE	Aktogai, Kazakhstan	View
I4776	Mid-Late Bronze Kairan	1863 BCE	Kairan, Kazakhstan	View
I4778	Mid-Late Bronze Karagash	1729 BCE	Karagash 2, Kazakhstan	View
I4779	Mid-Late Bronze Kairan	1743 BCE	Kairan, Kazakhstan	View
I4782	Mid-Late Bronze Kazakh Mys	1741 BCE	Kazakh Mys, Kazakhstan	View
I4783	Mid-Late Bronze Kazakh Mys	1600 BCE	Kazakh Mys, Kazakhstan	View
I4784	Mid-Late Bronze Kyzlbulak	1613 BCE	Kyzyl Bulak 1, Kazakhstan	View
I4787	Mid-Late Bronze Taldysay	1382 BCE	Aktobe. Koboda. Taldysay, Kazakhstan	View
I4899	Bronze Age Bustan	1600 BCE	Bustan, Uzbekistan	View
I4901	Bronze Age Dzharkutan	2100 BCE	Dzharkutan, Uzbekistan	View
I4160	Bronze Age Dashti Kozy	1650 BCE	Dashty-Kozy, Tajikistan	View
I4163	Bronze Age Dzharkutan	1607 BCE	Dzharkutan, Uzbekistan	View
I4634	Chalcolithic Parkhai	3312 BCE	Parkhai II, Turkmenistan	View
I4635	Chalcolithic Parkhai	3700 BCE	Parkhai II, Turkmenistan	View
I4910	Chalcolithic Sarazm	3634 BCE	Sarazm, Tajikistan	View
I5269	Afanasievo Culture	3016 BCE	Elo 1, Russia	View
I5270	Afanasievo Culture	3323 BCE	Elo 1, Russia	View
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I5272	Afanasievo Culture	3006 BCE	Elo Bashi, Russia	View
I5273	Afanasievo Culture	3011 BCE	Lower Tyumechin 1, Russia	View
I5277	Afanasievo Culture	3092 BCE	Elo Bashi, Russia	View
I5278	Afanasievo Culture	3082 BCE	Lower Tyumechin 1, Russia	View
I5279	Afanasievo Culture	3011 BCE	Lower Tyumechin 1, Russia	View
I4790	Mid-Late Bronze Oy-Dzhaylau	1516 BCE	Oy-Dzhaylau III, Kazakhstan	View
I4791	Mid-Late Bronze Oy-Dzhaylau	1539 BCE	Oy-Dzhaylau III, Kazakhstan	View
I4794	Mid-Late Bronze Taldysay	1600 BCE	Aktobe. Koboda. Taldysay, Kazakhstan	View
I5761	Mid-Late Bronze Kairan	1936 BCE	Kairan, Kazakhstan	View
I5766	Hunter-Gatherer Sosnoviy	4230 BCE	Siberia. Sosnoviy Ostrov, Russia	View
I5396	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	904 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I5397	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	967 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I5398	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I5400	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	928 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I5604	Bronze Age Bustan	1880 BCE	Bustan, Uzbekistan	View
I5605	Bronze Age Bustan	1600 BCE	Bustan, Uzbekistan	View
I5608	Bronze Age Dzharkutan	2100 BCE	Dzharkutan, Uzbekistan	View
I6047	Late Bronze Priobrazhenka	1386 BCE	Priobrazhenka 3, Russia	View
I6218	Bronze Age Gonur	2500 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I3453	Late Bronze Tasbas	1300 BCE	Tasbas. Byan Zherek, Kazakhstan	View
I6117	Bronze Age Gonur	2500 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I6118	Bronze Age Gonur	2500 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I6119	Bronze Age Gonur	2133 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I6120	Bronze Age Gonur	2500 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I6122	Bronze Age Gonur	2500 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I6124	Bronze Age Gonur	2196 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I6125	Bronze Age Gonur	2500 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I6126	Bronze Age Gonur	2500 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I6127	Bronze Age Gonur	2500 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I6195	Udegram Iron Age Fortified Settlement in Swat Valley, Pakistan	1012 BCE	Swat Valley. Udegram, Pakistan	View
I6217	Bronze Age Gonur	2286 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I6310	Bronze Age Gonur	2500 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I6312	Bronze Age Gonur	2500 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I6318	Bronze Age Gonur	2500 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I6548	Barikot Iron Age Settlement in Swat Valley, Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Barikot, Pakistan	View
I6545	Barikot Iron Age Settlement in Swat Valley, Pakistan	925 BCE	Swat Valley. Barikot, Pakistan	View
I6546	Barikot Iron Age Settlement in Swat Valley, Pakistan	978 BCE	Swat Valley. Barikot, Pakistan	View
I6547	Barikot Iron Age Settlement in Swat Valley, Pakistan	200 BCE	Swat Valley. Barikot, Pakistan	View
I6549	Butkara: Iron Age Religious and Cultural Center in Swat Valley, Pakistan	165 BCE	Swat Valley. Butkara IV, Pakistan	View
I6550	Butkara: Iron Age Religious and Cultural Center in Swat Valley, Pakistan	42 BCE	Swat Valley. Butkara IV, Pakistan	View
I6551	Butkara: Iron Age Religious and Cultural Center in Swat Valley, Pakistan	200 BCE	Swat Valley. Butkara IV, Pakistan	View
I6552	Butkara: Iron Age Religious and Cultural Center in Swat Valley, Pakistan	200 BCE	Swat Valley. Butkara IV, Pakistan	View
I6553	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	971 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I6554	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	830 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I6555	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	906 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I6556	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	897 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I6557	Arkotkila Iron Age Civilization in Swat Valley, Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Arkotkila, Pakistan	View
I4241	Chalcolithic Hajji Firuz	6021 BCE	Hajji Firuz, Iran	View
I4243	Bronze Age Hajji Firuz	2463 BCE	Hajji Firuz, Iran	View
I6292	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	898 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I6294	Middle Bronze Poltavka	2877 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Grachevka, Russia	View
I3387	Afanasievo Culture	2950 BCE	Middle Yenisei region. Afanasieva Gora, Russia	View
I2337	Chalcolithic Tepe Hissar	3640 BCE	Tepe Hissar, Iran	View
I2328	Chalcolithic Hajji Firuz	6020 BCE	Hajji Firuz, Iran	View
I2323	Chalcolithic Hajji Firuz	6064 BCE	Hajji Firuz, Iran	View
I2327	Iron Age Hajji Firuz	1201 BCE	Hajji Firuz, Iran	View
I6669	Chalcolithic Parkhai	3081 BCE	Parkhai II, Turkmenistan	View
I6677	Baalberge Culture	3800 BCE	Bilina, Czech Republic	View
I6671	Early Bronze Parkhai	3000 BCE	Parkhai II, Turkmenistan	View
I3365	Bronze Age Gonur	2500 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I6667	Late Bronze Parkhai	1498 BCE	Parkhai I, Turkmenistan	View
I6668	Late Bronze Parkhai	1600 BCE	Parkhai II, Turkmenistan	View
I6674	Middle Bronze Parkhai	2341 BCE	Parkhai II, Turkmenistan	View
I6675	Late Bronze Sumbar	1600 BCE	Sumbar, Turkmenistan	View
I6048	Mid-Late Bronze Priobrazhenka	1732 BCE	Priobrazhenka 3, Russia	View
I0982	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I6198	Udegram Iron Age Fortified Settlement in Swat Valley, Pakistan	1200 BCE	Swat Valley. Udegram, Pakistan	View
I6893	Saidu Sharif Iron Age Complex in Swat Valley, Pakistan	370 BCE	Swat Valley. Saidu Sharif, Pakistan	View
I7060	Mid-Late Bronze Oy-Dzhaylau	1537 BCE	Oy-Dzhaylau III, Kazakhstan	View
I6888	Iron Age Aligrama	811 BCE	Swat Valley. Aligrama, Pakistan	View
I6901	Udegram Iron Age Fortified Settlement in Swat Valley, Pakistan	1200 BCE	Swat Valley. Udegram, Pakistan	View
I6897	Udegram Iron Age Fortified Settlement in Swat Valley, Pakistan	1200 BCE	Swat Valley. Udegram, Pakistan	View
I6900	Udegram Iron Age Fortified Settlement in Swat Valley, Pakistan	1402 BCE	Swat Valley. Udegram, Pakistan	View
I6896	Saidu Sharif Iron Age Complex in Swat Valley, Pakistan	356 BCE	Swat Valley. Saidu Sharif, Pakistan	View
I6890	Historic Barikot	1028 CE	Swat Valley. Barikot, Pakistan	View
I6899	Udegram Iron Age Fortified Settlement in Swat Valley, Pakistan	915 BCE	Swat Valley. Udegram, Pakistan	View
I6891	Saidu Sharif Iron Age Complex in Swat Valley, Pakistan	387 BCE	Swat Valley. Saidu Sharif, Pakistan	View
I6889	Historic Barikot	1290 CE	Swat Valley. Barikot, Pakistan	View
I1805	Medieval Singoor	1490 CE	Swat Valley. Singoor, Pakistan	View
I1808	Medieval Parwak	706 CE	Swat Valley. Parwak, Pakistan	View
I1944	Neolithic Ganj Dareh	8000 BCE	Ganj Dareh, Iran	View
I1945	Neolithic Ganj Dareh	8000 BCE	Ganj Dareh, Iran	View
I1946	Neolithic Ganj Dareh	8250 BCE	Ganj Dareh, Iran	View
I1947	Neolithic Ganj Dareh	8211 BCE	Ganj Dareh, Iran	View
I1949	Neolithic Ganj Dareh	8242 BCE	Ganj Dareh, Iran	View
I1954	Neolithic Ganj Dareh	8295 BCE	Ganj Dareh, Iran	View
I1992	Udegram Iron Age Fortified Settlement in Swat Valley, Pakistan	1203 BCE	Swat Valley. Udegram, Pakistan	View
I1994	Udegram Iron Age Fortified Settlement in Swat Valley, Pakistan	1043 BCE	Swat Valley. Udegram, Pakistan	View
I2512	Chalcolithic Tepe Hissar	2917 BCE	Tepe Hissar, Iran	View
I2918	Chalcolithic Tepe Hissar	3705 BCE	Tepe Hissar, Iran	View
I0937	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I0938	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I0939	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I0940	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I0942	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I0943	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I0945	Petrovka Culture	2200 BCE	Stepnoe VII Cemetery, Russia	View
I0946	Petrovka Culture	2133 BCE	Stepnoe VII Cemetery, Russia	View
I0980	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I0983	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I0984	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2024 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I0985	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I0986	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I0989	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1003	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1006	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1007	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1008	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1010	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1011	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1013	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I1951	Neolithic Ganj Dareh	8198 BCE	Ganj Dareh, Iran	View
I1952	Neolithic Ganj Dareh	8219 BCE	Ganj Dareh, Iran	View
I4568	Mid-Late Bronze Kairan	1743 BCE	Kairan, Kazakhstan	View
I4789	Mid-Late Bronze Oy-Dzhaylau	1614 BCE	Oy-Dzhaylau III, Kazakhstan	View
I6894	Saidu Sharif Iron Age Complex in Swat Valley, Pakistan	400 BCE	Swat Valley. Saidu Sharif, Pakistan	View
I1985	Udegram Iron Age Fortified Settlement in Swat Valley, Pakistan	1107 BCE	Swat Valley. Udegram, Pakistan	View
I3262	Udegram Iron Age Fortified Settlement in Swat Valley, Pakistan	982 BCE	Swat Valley. Udegram, Pakistan	View
I0244	Potapovka Culture	2343 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Grachevka, Russia	View
I0232	Srubnaya Culture	1850 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Tatarstan oblast. forest-steppe zone. Novosel'ki, Russia	View
I0246	Potapovka Culture	2468 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Utyevka VI, Russia	View
I0354	Srubnaya Culture	2021 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Spiridonovka IV, Russia	View
I0358	Srubnaya Culture	1921 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Spiridonovka IV, Russia	View
I0359	Srubnaya Culture	1850 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Spiridonovka IV, Russia	View
I0360	Srubnaya Culture	2050 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Spiridonovka IV, Russia	View
I0361	Srubnaya Culture	1850 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Spiridonovka IV, Russia	View
I0419	Potapovka Culture	2200 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Utyevka VI, Russia	View
I0421	Srubnaya Culture	1850 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Spiridonovka II, Russia	View
I0422	Srubnaya Culture	1850 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Barinovka I, Russia	View
I0424	Srubnaya Culture	1850 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Uvarovka I, Russia	View
I0430	Srubnaya Culture	1850 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Spiridonovka II, Russia	View
I0431	Srubnaya Culture	1850 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Spiridonovka II, Russia	View
I1061	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I7480	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I7489	Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya	3326 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Utyevka V, Russia	View
I7527	Neolithic Ganj Dareh	8200 BCE	Ganj Dareh, Iran	View
I7670	Mid-Late Bronze Potapovka	2129 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Grachevka, Russia	View
I7671	Middle Bronze Poltavka	2885 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Bobrovka, Russia	View
I0987	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I10000	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I10001	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I10110	Mid-Late Bronze Shoendykol Fedorovo	1400 BCE	Shoendykol, Kazakhstan	View
I10111	Mid-Late Bronze Shoendykol Fedorovo	1498 BCE	Shoendykol, Kazakhstan	View
I10112	Mid-Late Bronze Shoendykol Fedorovo	1613 BCE	Shoendykol, Kazakhstan	View
I10140	Mid-Late Bronze Aktogai	1750 BCE	Aktogai, Kazakhstan	View
I10974	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1011 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I11214	Mid-Late Bronze Krasnoyarsk	1613 BCE	Chumysh-Perekat-1, Russia	View
I11461	Shahr-i Sokhta Bronze Age	3200 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I11462	Shahr-i Sokhta Bronze Age	2911 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I11468	Shahr-i Sokhta Bronze Age	3000 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I11472	Bronze Shahr-i Sokhta	2900 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I11474	Shahr-i Sokhta Bronze Age	2700 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I11476	Shahr-i Sokhta Bronze Age	3200 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I11478	Shahr-i Sokhta Bronze Age	3200 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I11479	Shahr-i Sokhta Bronze Age	2901 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I11483	Shahr-i Sokhta Bronze Age	3092 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I4785	Mid-Late Bronze Myrzhyk	810 BCE	Myrzhyk, Kazakhstan	View
I5762	Mid-Late Bronze Kairan	1600 BCE	Kairan, Kazakhstan	View
I6670	Early Bronze Parkhai	2700 BCE	Parkhai II, Turkmenistan	View
I7714	Historic Barikot	45 BCE	Swat Valley. Barikot, Pakistan	View
I7715	Medieval Barikot	1279 CE	Swat Valley. Barikot, Pakistan	View
I7716	Medieval Raja Gira	1176 CE	Swat Valley. Raja Gira, Pakistan	View
I7717	Saidu Sharif Iron Age Complex in Swat Valley, Pakistan	406 BCE	Swat Valley. Saidu Sharif, Pakistan	View
I7718	Saidu Sharif Iron Age Complex in Swat Valley, Pakistan	400 BCE	Swat Valley. Saidu Sharif, Pakistan	View
I7719	Saidu Sharif Iron Age Complex in Swat Valley, Pakistan	400 BCE	Swat Valley. Saidu Sharif, Pakistan	View
I7720	Saidu Sharif Iron Age Complex in Swat Valley, Pakistan	400 BCE	Swat Valley. Saidu Sharif, Pakistan	View
I7721	Saidu Sharif Iron Age Complex in Swat Valley, Pakistan	400 BCE	Swat Valley. Saidu Sharif, Pakistan	View
I7722	Saidu Sharif Iron Age Complex in Swat Valley, Pakistan	400 BCE	Swat Valley. Saidu Sharif, Pakistan	View
I7723	Saidu Sharif Iron Age Complex in Swat Valley, Pakistan	400 BCE	Swat Valley. Saidu Sharif, Pakistan	View
I7949	Veterov Bronze Age	1192 BCE	Bilina, Czech Republic	View
I8190	Udegram Iron Age Fortified Settlement in Swat Valley, Pakistan	990 BCE	Swat Valley. Udegram, Pakistan	View
I8193	Gogdara Iron Age Petroglyphs in Swat Valley, Pakistan	1376 BCE	Swat Valley. Gogdara, Pakistan	View
I8194	Gogdara Iron Age Petroglyphs in Swat Valley, Pakistan	1100 BCE	Swat Valley. Gogdara, Pakistan	View
I8502	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3316 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8503	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8504	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3096 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8505	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8506	Bronze Age Kokcha	1741 BCE	Kokcha 3, Uzbekistan	View
I8507	Bronze Age Kokcha	2500 BCE	Kokcha 3, Uzbekistan	View
I8508	Zaman-Baba Culture	4486 BCE	Zaman Baba, Uzbekistan	View
I8510	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3346 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8524	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8525	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3091 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8526	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8527	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8528	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8529	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8530	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8531	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8532	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8534	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3010 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8724	Shahr-i Sokhta Bronze Age	3050 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I8725	Shahr-i Sokhta Bronze Age	3010 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I8726	Bronze Shahr-i Sokhta	3100 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I8745	Middle Bronze Poltavka	2500 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Nikolaevka Kurgan, Russia	View
I8997	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I8998	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I8999	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	911 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I1799	Udegram Iron Age Fortified Settlement in Swat Valley, Pakistan	1124 BCE	Swat Valley. Udegram, Pakistan	View
I3260	Udegram Iron Age Fortified Settlement in Swat Valley, Pakistan	1009 BCE	Swat Valley. Udegram, Pakistan	View
I3261	Udegram Iron Age Fortified Settlement in Swat Valley, Pakistan	1200 BCE	Swat Valley. Udegram, Pakistan	View
I4290	Chalcolithic Sarazm	3700 BCE	Sarazm, Tajikistan	View
I4780	Mid-Late Bronze Kairan	1862 BCE	Kairan, Kazakhstan	View
I6194	Udegram Iron Age Fortified Settlement in Swat Valley, Pakistan	1200 BCE	Swat Valley. Udegram, Pakistan	View
I6197	Udegram Iron Age Fortified Settlement in Swat Valley, Pakistan	1200 BCE	Swat Valley. Udegram, Pakistan	View
I8218	Aligrama Iron Age Site in Swat Valley, Pakistan	47 BCE	Swat Valley. Aligrama, Pakistan	View
I8220	Aligrama Iron Age Site in Swat Valley, Pakistan	755 BCE	Swat Valley. Aligrama, Pakistan	View
I8245	Aligrama Iron Age Site in Swat Valley, Pakistan	355 BCE	Swat Valley. Aligrama, Pakistan	View
I10411	Bronze Age Gonur	2300 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I10410	Bronze Age Gonur	1900 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I11026	Bronze Age Bustan	1600 BCE	Bustan, Uzbekistan	View
I11027	Bronze Age Bustan	1631 BCE	Bustan, Uzbekistan	View
I11042	Bronze Age Gonur	2300 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I11028	Eneolithic Bustan	3332 BCE	Bustan, Uzbekistan	View
I11040	Bronze Age Gonur	2000 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I11025	Bronze Age Bustan	1600 BCE	Bustan, Uzbekistan	View
I11039	Bronze Age Gonur	2336 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I10551	Bronze Age Farkhor	3000 BCE	Farkhor, Tajikistan	View
I10565	Afanasievo Culture	2889 BCE	Middle Yenisei region. Afanasieva Gora, Russia	View
I10564	Afanasievo Culture	3300 BCE	Middle Yenisei region. Afanasieva Gora, Russia	View
I12147	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1203 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I11501	Early Bronze Kumsay	3345 BCE	Kumsay. Kyirik Oba, Kazakhstan	View
I11112	Afanasievo Culture	3050 BCE	Krasnoyarsk Krai. Minusinsk Rayon. Podsukhanika II, Russia	View
I11519	Bronze Age Bustan	1600 BCE	Bustan, Uzbekistan	View
I11527	Bronze Age Aygirdjal	2122 BCE	Aigyrzhal, Kyrgyzstan	View
I11526	Bronze Age Aygirdjal	2204 BCE	Aigyrzhal, Kyrgyzstan	View
I11531	Early Bronze Kumsay	3089 BCE	Kumsay. Kyirik Oba, Kazakhstan	View
I11521	Bronze Age Bustan	1600 BCE	Bustan, Uzbekistan	View
I11520	Bronze Age Bustan	1613 BCE	Bustan, Uzbekistan	View
I11752	Afanasievo Culture	2900 BCE	Inskoy Dol, Russia	View
I10523	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I11732	Early Bronze Kumsay	3073 BCE	Kumsay. Kyirik Oba, Kazakhstan	View
I11735	Middle Bronze Mereke	2460 BCE	Mereke. Taskala district. Zapadno-Kazahstanskaya Oblast, Kazakhstan	View
I11736	Middle Bronze Mereke	3315 BCE	Mereke. Taskala district. Zapadno-Kazahstanskaya Oblast, Kazakhstan	View
I11734	Early Bronze Kumsay	3024 BCE	Kumsay. Kyirik Oba, Kazakhstan	View
I11737	Middle Bronze Mereke	2197 BCE	Mereke. Taskala district. Zapadno-Kazahstanskaya Oblast, Kazakhstan	View
I11565	Medieval Parwak	1 CE	Swat Valley. Parwak, Pakistan	View
I12980	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I12988	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I12982	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I12981	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I12968	Butkara: Iron Age Religious and Cultural Center in Swat Valley, Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Butkara II, Pakistan	View
I12987	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I12984	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I12985	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I12979	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I12470	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12448	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12485	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I12451	Butkara: Iron Age Religious and Cultural Center in Swat Valley, Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Butkara II, Pakistan	View
I12456	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I12471	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12463	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12455	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I12464	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12499	Bronze Age Kokcha	1497 BCE	Kokcha 3, Uzbekistan	View
I12477	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12462	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12457	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1048 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I12483	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I12450	Butkara: Iron Age Religious and Cultural Center in Swat Valley, Pakistan	819 BCE	Swat Valley. Butkara II, Pakistan	View
I12478	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I12487	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I12475	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12465	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12466	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12482	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I12446	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12481	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I12445	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12480	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I12460	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12453	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12486	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I12447	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12461	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12454	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12458	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I12459	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I12444	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12479	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I12473	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I13224	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I13222	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I13223	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I13227	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I13226	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1012 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I13221	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I13220	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I13219	Butkara: Iron Age Religious and Cultural Center in Swat Valley, Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Butkara II, Pakistan	View
I13228	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I12294	Kushan Ksirov	51 BCE	Ksirov, Tajikistan	View
I12257	Kushan Ksirov	200 BCE	Ksirov, Tajikistan	View
I12260	Kushan Ksirov	200 BCE	Ksirov, Tajikistan	View
I12292	Kushan Ksirov	160 BCE	Ksirov, Tajikistan	View
I12293	Kushan Ksirov	200 BCE	Ksirov, Tajikistan	View
I12255	Bronze Age Gonur	2000 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I11562	Late Bronze Age	1 CE	Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Chitral. Parwak, Pakistan	View
I12472	Transition from Middle to Late Iron Age in Swat Valley, Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
Darra.I.Kur	Middle Bronze Age Darral-Kur	2581 BCE	Darra-i-Kur Cave, Afghanistan	View
I0231	Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya	2911 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Southern Steppe. Ekaterinovka, Russia	View
I1012	Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta	2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I11469	Shahr-i Sokhta Bronze Age	3200 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I2921	Chalcolithic Tepe Hissar	3648 BCE	Tepe Hissar, Iran	View
I4349	Chalcolithic Hajji Firuz	5891 BCE	Hajji Firuz, Iran	View
I4351	Chalcolithic Hajji Firuz	6065 BCE	Hajji Firuz, Iran	View
I2312	Belt Cave Mesolithic	12000 BCE	Alborz Mountains. near Behshahr. Belt Cave, Iran	View
I1293	Hotu Cave Mesolithic	9100 BCE	Alborz Mountains. near Behshahr. Hotu Cave, Iran	View
I8728	Bronze Shahr-i Sokhta	2600 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I11456	Bronze Shahr-i Sokhta	2600 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I11459	Bronze Shahr-i Sokhta	2874 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I11458	Bronze Shahr-i Sokhta	3200 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I11471	Bronze Shahr-i Sokhta	3330 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I11480	Bronze Shahr-i Sokhta	2900 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I11460	Bronze Shahr-i Sokhta	3200 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I11488	Bronze Shahr-i Sokhta	3200 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I11538	Middle Bronze Chanchar	1741 BCE	Chanchar, Kazakhstan	View
I11541	Middle Bronze Georgievsky	1872 BCE	Georgievsky Bugor, Kazakhstan	View
I11537	Iron Age Chanchar	752 BCE	Chanchar, Kazakhstan	View
I11542	Late Bronze Guruldek	1500 BCE	Guruldek, Kazakhstan	View
I11540	Late Iron Georgievsky	131 CE	Georgievsky Bugor, Kazakhstan	View
I4319	Mid-Late Bronze Kairan	1749 BCE	Kairan, Kazakhstan	View
I4567	Mid-Late Bronze Kairan	1742 BCE	Kairan, Kazakhstan	View
I8219	Iron Age Aligrama	978 BCE	Swat Valley. Aligrama, Pakistan	View
I8246	Iron Age Aligrama	970 BCE	Swat Valley. Aligrama, Pakistan	View
I12449	Butkara: Iron Age Religious and Cultural Center in Swat Valley, Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Butkara II, Pakistan	View
I12140	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12146	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12149	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12142	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12143	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I5399	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12141	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12144	The Pakistan Katelai Iron Age Culture	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I11466	Bronze Shahr-i Sokhta	2500 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I12136	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I12138	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1107 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I12983	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I12134	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I12137	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I12484	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3500 BCE	Geoksiur, Turkmenistan	View
I11041	Bronze Age Gonur	2141 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I10409	Bronze Age Gonur	2282 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
Darra.I.Kur		2581 BCE	Darra-i-Kur Cave, Afghanistan	View
I1293		9100 BCE	Alborz Mountains. near Behshahr. Hotu Cave, Iran	View
I2312		12000 BCE	Alborz Mountains. near Behshahr. Belt Cave, Iran	View
I6714		2618 BCE	Altai Mountains. Yenisey River. left bank of Karasuk tributary. Karasuk III, Russia	View
I3388		2800 BCE	Altai Mountains. Yenisey River. left bank of Karasuk tributary. Karasuk III, Russia	View
I3949		2844 BCE	Altai Mountains. Yenisey River. left bank of Karasuk tributary. Karasuk III, Russia	View
I3950		2879 BCE	Altai Mountains. Yenisey River. left bank of Karasuk tributary. Karasuk III, Russia	View
I4351		6065 BCE	Hajji Firuz, Iran	View
I4349		5891 BCE	Hajji Firuz, Iran	View
I11456		2600 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I11459		2874 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I11460		3200 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I11466		2500 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I11469		3200 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I11471		3330 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I11480		2900 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I11488		3200 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I8728		2600 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I8246		970 BCE	Swat Valley. Aligrama, Pakistan	View
I10409		2282 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I11041		2141 BCE	Gonur, Turkmenistan	View
I4319		1749 BCE	Kairan, Kazakhstan	View
I5399		1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I1012		2050 BCE	Kamennyi Ambar 5 Cemetery, Russia	View
I2921		3648 BCE	Tepe Hissar, Iran	View
I0231		2911 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Southern Steppe. Ekaterinovka, Russia	View
I8219		978 BCE	Swat Valley. Aligrama, Pakistan	View
I11537		752 BCE	Chanchar, Kazakhstan	View
I11540		131 CE	Georgievsky Bugor, Kazakhstan	View
I11538		1741 BCE	Chanchar, Kazakhstan	View
I11542		1500 BCE	Guruldek, Kazakhstan	View
I11541		1872 BCE	Georgievsky Bugor, Kazakhstan	View
I11458		3200 BCE	Seistan. Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran	View
I12146		1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12138		1107 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I12144		1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12136		1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I12142		1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12149		1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12134		1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I12137		1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I12143		1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12141		1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12140		1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Katelai, Pakistan	View
I12983		1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Loebanr, Pakistan	View
I12449		1000 BCE	Swat Valley. Butkara II, Pakistan	View
I4567		1742 BCE	Kairan, Kazakhstan	View
I12484		3500 BCE	Geoksiur, Turkmenistan	View
I3388		2800 BCE	Altai Mountains. Yenisey River. left bank of Karasuk tributary. Karasuk III, Russia	View

Sample ID	Culture/Period	Date	Location	Action
I8502	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3316 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8503	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8504	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3096 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8505	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8510	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3346 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8524	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8525	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3091 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8526	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8527	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8528	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8529	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8530	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8531	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8532	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I8534	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3010 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I12485	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I12483	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I12478	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I12487	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I12482	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I12481	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I12480	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I12486	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I12479	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3400 BCE	Geoksyur, Turkmenistan	View
I12484	Chalcolithic Geoksyur	3500 BCE	Geoksiur, Turkmenistan	View

Ancient Genetic Admixture

Ancient genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (I8504) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles ancient populations from different geographic regions.

Neolithic Farmers 63%

Ancient Asians 17%

Western Steppe Pastoralists 13%

European Hunter-Gatherers 8%

Modern Genetic Admixture

Modern genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (I8504) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles modern populations from different geographic regions.

These results complement the ancient ancestry components shown in the previous section, offering a different perspective on the individual's genetic profile by comparing it with modern reference populations rather than prehistoric ancestral groups.

Asia 100%

Central Asian, Northern Indian & Pakistani 56%

Pakistan 42.2%

Indian 13.7%

Northern West Asian 44%

Caucasian 30.7%

Mesopotamian 13.5%

G25 Coordinates

The G25 coordinates for the sample I8504 are as follows. You can analyze its admixture using G25 Studio.

I8504,0.09471966,0.07098844,-0.0634355,0.010712,-0.06137878,0.01358614,0.00964102,-0.00116382,-0.04550886,-0.02851906,-0.0056211,0.00351088,-0.01236456,-0.00202972,0.01176264,-0.00590086,0.00627176,-0.00574532,-0.00713264,0.00273542,0.00290616,-0.00156712,0.00410492,-0.00532712,-0.00558989

Analyze it in G25 Studio

Scientific Papers References

The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia

Authors:

Narasimhan VM, Patterson N, Moorjani P

Abstract:

By sequencing 523 ancient humans, we show that the primary source of ancestry in modern South Asians is a prehistoric genetic gradient between people related to early hunter-gatherers of Iran and Southeast Asia. After the Indus Valley Civilization's decline, its people mixed with individuals in the southeast to form one of the two main ancestral populations of South Asia, whose direct descendants live in southern India. Simultaneously, they mixed with descendants of Steppe pastoralists who, starting around 4000 years ago, spread via Central Asia to form the other main ancestral population. The Steppe ancestry in South Asia has the same profile as that in Bronze Age Eastern Europe, tracking a movement of people that affected both regions and that likely spread the distinctive features shared between Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic languages.

Link:

View Publication