A man buried in Mongolia in the Copper Age era

I6221

Disclaimer: The portrait shown is a speculative reconstruction and not the actual face of the ancient sample. It represents an artistic interpretation based on archaeological data.

Specimen Details

Sample ID:

I6221

Date:

3316 BCE - 2916 BCE

Biological Sex:

Male

mtDNA:

U5a1-a

Y-DNA:

J1a2-CTS11731

Cultural Period:

Chalcolithic Afanasievo Culture 1, Mongolia

Location

Country:

Mongolia

Locality:

Bayankhongor aimag. Erdenetsogt sum. Shatar chuluu kurgan 2

Coordinates:

46.4000, 100.8200

Map Location

Historical Timeline

Description

The Chalcolithic Afanasievo Culture represents a significant prehistoric culture within the Eurasian Steppe during the late 4th to early 3rd millennium BCE. It is named after the Afanasievo region where its remnants were first discovered in the Altai Mountains, extending into Mongolia and parts of Western Siberia. This culture is regarded as one of the earliest known cultures to have expanded into the vast steppe regions, and it bears distinct characteristics that illuminate early developments in metallurgy, domestication, and nomadic pastoralism.

Geographic and Temporal Context

The Afanasievo Culture occupies a space in time and geography where transitions between Neolithic lifestyles and more complex societal structures began to emerge. Situated primarily in the southern Siberian steppe, its reach extended into Mongolia, influencing local populations and interacting with subsequent and neighboring cultures. The culture flourished approximately between 3300 BCE to 2500 BCE, a period characterized by both innovations and continuities in earlier lifeways.

Material Culture

Artifacts from the Afanasievo Culture include a blend of Neolithic and emerging Bronze Age technologies. Chalcolithic or Copper Age denotes their utilization of copper tools and weapons, marking a step away from purely stone tools. Metalwork revealed simple but effective craftsmanship; the copper was cold-worked, or in some instances, smelted and cast.

Pottery is another significant element of Afanasievo material culture. Typically, ceramics were hand-built, often with cord impressions or simple geometric patterns, indicative of both utility and an emerging aesthetic sense. These vessels were primarily used for cooking and storage, reflecting settled or semi-nomadic life.

Economy and Subsistence

Economically, the Afanasievo Culture was a pioneering pastoral society. They were among the earliest pastoralists in the steppe, herding animals such as sheep, goats, and cattle, which constituted a crucial part of their diet alongside hunting and gathering. Evidence points to some incipient forms of agriculture, but pastoralism remained central.

The domestication and use of horses are subjects of significant interest. While not definitively proven to be the first horse domesticators, their lifestyle and expansion patterns suggest horses played a vital role, potentially for transportation, riding, or as a food source.

Burial Practices and Beliefs

Afanasievo burial practices offer a window into their social and spiritual lives. Burials often involved barrow constructions or kurgans, simple pit graves that sometimes contained multiple individuals. Grave goods typically included pottery, personal ornaments, and tools, implying a belief in an afterlife or the importance of material objects in the social status journey into the next realm.

There is also evidence of possible ancestor worship or reverence; some graves show careful placement of bodies and goods, hinting at ritualistic practices and symbolic significance. These rituals provide insights into their cosmology, social stratification, and community identities.

Genetic and Linguistic Insights

Genetic studies have linked the Afanasievo people with Europoid ancestry, particularly closer to the Yamnaya culture of the Pontic-Caspian steppe. This genetic evidence supports theories regarding migratory patterns into Asia, contributing to discussions about Proto-Indo-European languages. The Afanasievo may have played a role in the dispersal of Indo-European languages into Asia, although conclusive evidence remains elusive.

Interaction and Influence

The Afanasievo Culture’s interactions with other cultures and their eventual decline or transformation into subsequent cultural entities reflect a dynamic history of migration, assimilation, and innovation. Some scholars suggest that the Afanasievo were predecessors of the later Andronovo Culture, with technological and lifestyle shifts marking cultural transitions. Their interactions with East Asian populations and influence on regional developments set the stage for evolving cultural mosaics throughout the region.

In summary, the Chalcolithic Afanasievo Culture stands as a transformative and intriguing culture in Mongolia and the Eurasian Steppe. Through innovations in metallurgy, shifts toward pastoralism, and complex social structures, the Afanasievo mark a critical juncture in human history, heralding the advance from Neolithic ways of life towards more intricate societal forms in the Bronze Age.

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I13885	Jomon Period Japan	1382 BCE	Rokutsu Shell Mound, Japan	View
I13882	Jomon Period Japan	1386 BCE	Rokutsu Shell Mound, Japan	View
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I15164	Iron Age Taiwan	1 CE	Hanben. Blihun site, Taiwan	View
I15158	Iron Age Taiwan	1 CE	Hanben. Blihun site, Taiwan	View
I15166	Iron Age Taiwan	1 CE	Hanben. Blihun site, Taiwan	View
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GL01	Modern China	2000 CE	Kra. Tai-Kadai. Longlin. Baise. Guangxi. Y.haplogroup=O1a, China	View
HK14	Modern China	2000 CE	Kipchak. Turkic. Kazak Autonomous County of Aksay. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=C, China	View
Ba37	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Nepali. Indo-European. , Nepal	View
Han2088	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Guangdong. Y.haplogroup=O3a1c, China	View
GL02	Modern China	2000 CE	Kra. Tai-Kadai. Longlin. Baise. Guangxi. Y.haplogroup=O1a, China	View
HK15	Modern China	2000 CE	Kipchak. Turkic. Kazak Autonomous County of Aksay. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=O2a1, China	View
Ba02	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Nepali. Indo-European. , Nepal	View
Han894	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Henan. Y.haplogroup=O3a2, China	View
GL09	Modern China	2000 CE	Kra. Tai-Kadai. Longlin. Baise. Guangxi. Y.haplogroup=O1a, China	View
BAO60	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Jishishan. Gansu, China	View
Ba48	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Nepali. Indo-European. , Nepal	View
Han1226	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Henan. Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, China	View
GL07	Modern China	2000 CE	Kra. Tai-Kadai. Longlin. Baise. Guangxi, China	View
BAO53	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Jishishan. Gansu, China	View
Te18	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Indo-Aryan. Indo-European. . Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, Nepal	View
Han1243	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Henan. Y.haplogroup=J, China	View
GL10	Modern China	2000 CE	Kra. Tai-Kadai. Longlin. Baise. Guangxi, China	View
BAO15	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Jishishan. Gansu, China	View
Te16	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Indo-Aryan. Indo-European. , Nepal	View
Han1713	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Henan. Y.haplogroup=O3a2, China	View
GL23	Modern China	2000 CE	Kra. Tai-Kadai. Longlin. Baise. Guangxi, China	View
BAO12	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Jishishan. Gansu, China	View
Ma41	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Nepal. Tanahun, Nepal	View
Han1714	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Henan. Y.haplogroup=Q*, China	View
GL13	Modern China	2000 CE	Kra. Tai-Kadai. Longlin. Baise. Guangxi, China	View
BAO26	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Jishishan. Gansu, China	View
Ma11	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Nepal. Tanahun, Nepal	View
Han788	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Hubei. Y.haplogroup=O1a, China	View
GL16	Modern China	2000 CE	Kra. Tai-Kadai. Longlin. Baise. Guangxi, China	View
BAO47	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Jishishan. Gansu, China	View
Ma30	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Nepal. Tanahun, Nepal	View
Han789	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Hubei. Y.haplogroup=O1a, China	View
GL20	Modern China	2000 CE	Kra. Tai-Kadai. Longlin. Baise. Guangxi, China	View
BAO54	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Jishishan. Gansu, China	View
Ma23	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Nepal. Tanahun, Nepal	View
Han874	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Hubei. Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, China	View
Ne41	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal	View
EYG48	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Sunan. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=N, China	View
Ma07	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Nepal. Tanahun, Nepal	View
Han2161	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Hubei. Y.haplogroup=O3a1c, China	View
Ne72	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal	View
EYG28	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Sunan. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
Ma28	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Nepal. Tanahun, Nepal	View
Han2162	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Hubei. Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, China	View
EYG13	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Sunan. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=O3a2b1, China	View
Gu18	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Tamangic. Sino-Tibetan. , Nepal	View
Han1452	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Jiangsu, China	View
Ne08	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal	View
EYG18	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Sunan. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=C, China	View
Gu22	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Tamangic. Sino-Tibetan. . Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, Nepal	View
Han1962	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Jiangsu. Y.haplogroup=O3a1, China	View
Ta39	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Tamangic. Sino-Tibetan. , Nepal	View
Gu24	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Tamangic. Sino-Tibetan. . Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, Nepal	View
Han2054	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Jiangsu. Y.haplogroup=O1a, China	View
Ta43	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Tamangic. Sino-Tibetan. , Nepal	View
EYG31	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Sunan. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=O3a2, China	View
Gu26	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Tamangic. Sino-Tibetan. . Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, Nepal	View
Han2057	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Jiangsu. Y.haplogroup=O3, China	View
Ta24	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Tamangic. Sino-Tibetan. . Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, Nepal	View
XYG19	Modern China	2000 CE	Turkic. Sunan. Gansu, China	View
Gu27	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Tamangic. Sino-Tibetan. . Y.haplogroup=F*, Nepal	View
Han2058	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Jiangsu. Y.haplogroup=N, China	View
Ta64	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Tamangic. Sino-Tibetan. . Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, Nepal	View
KZ78	Modern China	2000 CE	Kipchak. Turkic. Urumqi. Xinjiang. Y.haplogroup=R1b1, China	View
Rai16	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Kiranti/Nepali. , Nepal	View
Han2076	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Jiangsu. Y.haplogroup=C, China	View
Ta03	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Tamangic. Sino-Tibetan. , Nepal	View
KZ35	Modern China	2000 CE	Kipchak. Turkic. Urumqi. Xinjiang. Y.haplogroup=R1a1a1, China	View
Rai12	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Kiranti/Nepali. , Nepal	View
Han2090	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Jiangsu. Y.haplogroup=O3a1c, China	View
Ta80	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Tamangic. Sino-Tibetan. . Y.haplogroup=N, Nepal	View
KZ15	Modern China	2000 CE	Kipchak. Turkic. Urumqi. Xinjiang. Y.haplogroup=J2a1h, China	View
Rai09	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Kiranti/Nepali. , Nepal	View
Han4	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Shandong. Y.haplogroup=C, China	View
Ta52	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Tamangic. Sino-Tibetan. , Nepal	View
KZ77	Modern China	2000 CE	Kipchak. Turkic. Urumqi. Xinjiang. Y.haplogroup=R1b1, China	View
Rai14	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Kiranti/Nepali. . Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, Nepal	View
Han25	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Shandong. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
Ta05	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Tamangic. Sino-Tibetan. , Nepal	View
KZ52	Modern China	2000 CE	Kipchak. Turkic. Urumqi. Xinjiang. Y.haplogroup=N, China	View
Rai04	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Kiranti/Nepali. . Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, Nepal	View
Han853	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Shandong. Y.haplogroup=O2b, China	View
Ba15	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Nepali. Indo-European. . Y.haplogroup=J2a1h, Nepal	View
KZ12	Modern China	2000 CE	Kipchak. Turkic. Urumqi. Xinjiang. Y.haplogroup=R1a1a1, China	View
Ne66	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal	View
Han1329	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Shandong. Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, China	View
Ba25	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Nepali. Indo-European. . Y.haplogroup=R2 (Investigation), Nepal	View
KZ83	Modern China	2000 CE	Kipchak. Turkic. Urumqi. Xinjiang. Y.haplogroup=N1c1, China	View
Han1616	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Shandong. Y.haplogroup=C, China	View
Te09	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Indo-Aryan. Indo-European. . Y.haplogroup=D, Nepal	View
CS411	Modern China	2000 CE	Hlai. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Baisha. Hainan, China	View
Han1840	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Shandong. Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, China	View
Te15	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Indo-Aryan. Indo-European. , Nepal	View
LS001	Modern China	2000 CE	Hlai. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Lingshui. Hainan. Y.haplogroup=O2a1, China	View
Ne01	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Sino-Tibetan. , Nepal	View
Han1896	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Shandong. Y.haplogroup=Q*, China	View
Te06	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	Indo-Aryan. Indo-European. . Y.haplogroup=R2 (Investigation), Nepal	View
SY071	Modern China	2000 CE	Hlai. Tai‚ÄìKadai. SanyaÔºå Hainan. Y.haplogroup=O1a, China	View
Sherpa08	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	West Bengal. Singel, Nepal	View
Han1916	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Shandong. Y.haplogroup=O3a1c, China	View
Zhuang09	Modern China	2000 CE	Tai. Tai-Kadai. Guigang. Guangxi, China	View
WZS058	Modern China	2000 CE	Hlai. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Wuzhishan. Hainan, China	View
Sherpa04	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	West Bengal. Singel, Nepal	View
Han1978	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Shandong. Y.haplogroup=C, China	View
Zhuang08	Modern China	2000 CE	Tai. Tai-Kadai. Guiping. Guangxi, China	View
Dong02	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam. Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Liping. Guizhou. Y.haplogroup=O1a2, China	View
Sherpa13	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	West Bengal. Singel, Nepal	View
Han24	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Shanghai. Y.haplogroup=O3a1c, China	View
W29	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Huanjiang. Guangxi, China	View
Dong03	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam. Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Liping. Guizhou, China	View
Sherpa09	Modern Nepal	2000 CE	West Bengal. Singel, Nepal	View
Han496	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Shanghai. Y.haplogroup=O, China	View
W3	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Huanjiang. Guangxi, China	View
Dong05	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam. Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Tianzhu. Guizhou. Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, China	View
T141	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Chamdo. Tibet. Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, China	View
Han115	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Shanxi. Y.haplogroup=R1a1a1, China	View
W11	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Huanjiang. Guangxi, China	View
Dong08	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam. Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Tongren. Guizhou. Y.haplogroup=O1a, China	View
T173	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Chamdo. Tibet. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
Han790	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Shanxi. Y.haplogroup=O3a2, China	View
B87	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Luocheng. Guangxi, China	View
Dong09	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam. Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Rongjiang. Guizhou. Y.haplogroup=O3, China	View
T274	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Chamdo. Tibet, China	View
Han855	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Shanxi. Y.haplogroup=O3a1c, China	View
B26	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Luocheng. Guangxi, China	View
Dong10	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam. Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Congjiang. Kaili. Guizhou, China	View
T363	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Chamdo. Tibet. Y.haplogroup=J, China	View
Han1603	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Shanxi. Y.haplogroup=O3a1c, China	View
J32	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Huanjiang. Guangxi, China	View
Dong11	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam. Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Liping. Guizhou. Y.haplogroup=O1a, China	View
T247	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Chamdo. Tibet. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
Han1843	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Shanxi. Y.haplogroup=G2a, China	View
J33	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Huanjiang. Guangxi, China	View
Dong14	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam. Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Liping. Guizhou, China	View
T74	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Chamdo. Tibet. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
Han1897	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Shanxi. Y.haplogroup=O3a2, China	View
J36	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Huanjiang. Guangxi, China	View
Zhuang03	Modern China	2000 CE	Tai. Tai-Kadai. Luzhai. Liuzhou. Guangxi, China	View
T144	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Chamdo. Tibet. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
Han1899	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Shanxi. Y.haplogroup=O3a2, China	View
A114	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Luocheng. Guangxi, China	View
Z01	Modern China	2000 CE	Tai. Tai-Kadai. Longlin. Baise. Guangxi. Y.haplogroup=O2a1, China	View
T194	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Chamdo. Tibet, China	View
Han1970	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Shanxi. Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, China	View
B3	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Luocheng. Guangxi, China	View
Z02	Modern China	2000 CE	Tai. Tai-Kadai. Longlin. Baise. Guangxi. Y.haplogroup=O3a2, China	View
T196	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Chamdo. Tibet, China	View
Han1709	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=C, China	View
W13	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Huanjiang. Guangxi, China	View
Z05	Modern China	2000 CE	Tai. Tai-Kadai. Longlin. Baise. Guangxi. Y.haplogroup=O2a1, China	View
T273	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Chamdo. Tibet, China	View
Han1917	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=O1a, China	View
BM32	Modern China	2000 CE	Qiangic. Sino-Tibetan. Daofu. Sichuan, China	View
XHTB7	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Xunhua. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=O2b, China	View
T282	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Chamdo. Tibet, China	View
Han2044	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=C, China	View
QH1	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Gangcha. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=N1c1, China	View
XHTB17	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Xunhua. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=N, China	View
T283	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Chamdo. Tibet, China	View
Han2145	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=Q*, China	View
QH5	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Gangcha. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=G2a, China	View
XHTB20	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Xunhua. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=C, China	View
T21	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Lhasa. Tibet, China	View
Han2147	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=O3a1, China	View
QH7	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Gangcha. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
SL1	Modern China	2000 CE	Oghuz. Turkic. Xunhua. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=O2a1, China	View
T165	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Lhasa. Tibet. Y.haplogroup=N, China	View
Han2151	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=O1a, China	View
QH18	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Gangcha. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
SL2	Modern China	2000 CE	Oghuz. Turkic. Xunhua. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=N, China	View
T170	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Lhasa. Tibet. Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, China	View
Han2155	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=O2a1, China	View
QH10	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Gangcha. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
SL3	Modern China	2000 CE	Oghuz. Turkic. Xunhua. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=O3a1c, China	View
T181	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Lhasa. Tibet, China	View
Tibetan870	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Yunnan. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
HKC90	Modern China	2000 CE	Kipchak. Turkic. Kazak Autonomous County of Aksay. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=C, China	View
SL6	Modern China	2000 CE	Oghuz. Turkic. Xunhua. Qinghai, China	View
T183	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Lhasa. Tibet, China	View
Tibetan871	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Yunnan. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
HKC29	Modern China	2000 CE	Kipchak. Turkic. Kazak Autonomous County of Aksay. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=C, China	View
SL7	Modern China	2000 CE	Oghuz. Turkic. Xunhua. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=R1a1a1, China	View
T76	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Lhasa. Tibet. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
Tibetan872	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Yunnan. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
QH9	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Gangcha. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
SL9	Modern China	2000 CE	Oghuz. Turkic. Xunhua. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
T125	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Lhasa. Tibet, China	View
Tibetan937	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Yunnan. Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, China	View
QH14	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Gangcha. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=G2a, China	View
SL10	Modern China	2000 CE	Oghuz. Turkic. Xunhua. Qinghai, China	View
T185	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Lhasa. Tibet, China	View
Han53	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Zhejiang. Y.haplogroup=O1a, China	View
QH17	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Gangcha. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
SL15	Modern China	2000 CE	Oghuz. Turkic. Xunhua. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, China	View
T67	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Nagqu. Tibet, China	View
Han192	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Zhejiang. Y.haplogroup=O3a2, China	View
Zhuang015	Modern China	2000 CE	Tai. Tai-Kadai. Qinzhou. Guangxi, China	View
YJ86	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Yajiang. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=J2b2, China	View
T91	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Nagqu. Tibet, China	View
Han278	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Zhejiang. Y.haplogroup=O1a, China	View
Zhuang018	Modern China	2000 CE	Tai. Tai-Kadai. Shanglin. Guangxi, China	View
YJ14	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Yajiang. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=C, China	View
T121	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Nagqu. Tibet, China	View
Han605	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Zhejiang. Y.haplogroup=O2a1, China	View
Zhuang11	Modern China	2000 CE	Tai. Tai-Kadai. Hengxian. Guangxi, China	View
YJ39	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Yajiang. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=O1a, China	View
T187	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Nagqu. Tibet. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
Han993	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Zhejiang. Y.haplogroup=O3a1c, China	View
Zhuang017	Modern China	2000 CE	Tai. Tai-Kadai. Yongning. Guangxi, China	View
YJ01	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Yajiang. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, China	View
T238	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Nagqu. Tibet. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
Han220	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Shandong. Y.haplogroup=O3a1c, China	View
Zhuang020	Modern China	2000 CE	Tai. Tai-Kadai. Wuming. Guangxi, China	View
YJ140	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Yajiang. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
T278	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Nagqu. Tibet, China	View
DBB006	Modern China	2000 CE	Qiangic. Sino-Tibetan. Danba. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
B81	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Luocheng. Guangxi, China	View
YJ37	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Yajiang. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=O1a, China	View
T312	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Nagqu. Tibet. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
DBA19	Modern China	2000 CE	Qiangic. Sino-Tibetan. Danba. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=O3a2, China	View
B48	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Luocheng. Guangxi, China	View
YJ12	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Yajiang. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, China	View
T320	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Nagqu. Tibet, China	View
DBA021	Modern China	2000 CE	Qiangic. Sino-Tibetan. Danba. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, China	View
B49	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Luocheng. Guangxi, China	View
YJ111	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Yajiang. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=O2a1, China	View
T22	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Shigatse. Tibet, China	View
DBB007	Modern China	2000 CE	Qiangic. Sino-Tibetan. Danba. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, China	View
KZ46	Modern China	2000 CE	Kipchak. Turkic. Urumqi. Xinjiang, China	View
YJ25	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Yajiang. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
T41	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Shigatse. Tibet, China	View
DBA017	Modern China	2000 CE	Qiangic. Sino-Tibetan. Danba. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
KZ81	Modern China	2000 CE	Kipchak. Turkic. Urumqi. Xinjiang. Y.haplogroup=R1a1a1, China	View
YJ104	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Yajiang. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
T77	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Shigatse. Tibet. Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, China	View
BM10	Modern China	2000 CE	Qiangic. Sino-Tibetan. Daofu. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=O1a, China	View
KZ87	Modern China	2000 CE	Kipchak. Turkic. Urumqi. Xinjiang. Y.haplogroup=R1a1a1, China	View
XL120	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Xinlong. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
T78	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Shigatse. Tibet, China	View
BM43	Modern China	2000 CE	Qiangic. Sino-Tibetan. Daofu. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=O3a1, China	View
KZ65	Modern China	2000 CE	Kipchak. Turkic. Urumqi. Xinjiang. Y.haplogroup=R1a1a1, China	View
XL61	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Xinlong. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, China	View
T80	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Shigatse. Tibet, China	View
BM24	Modern China	2000 CE	Qiangic. Sino-Tibetan. Daofu. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
KZ22	Modern China	2000 CE	Kipchak. Turkic. Urumqi. Xinjiang. Y.haplogroup=R1a1a1, China	View
XL20	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Xinlong. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=O3a1c, China	View
T189	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Shigatse. Tibet, China	View
BM26	Modern China	2000 CE	Qiangic. Sino-Tibetan. Daofu. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=O3a1, China	View
EYG8	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Sunan. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=O3a1c, China	View
XL92	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Xinlong. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=O3, China	View
T192	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Shigatse. Tibet. Y.haplogroup=R*, China	View
BM21	Modern China	2000 CE	Qiangic. Sino-Tibetan. Daofu. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=R2 (Investigation), China	View
EYG04	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Sunan. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=O3a1c, China	View
XL60	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Xinlong. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
T291	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Shigatse. Tibet, China	View
QH2	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Gangcha. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=N, China	View
EYG45	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Sunan. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=C, China	View
XL47	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Xinlong. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=O3, China	View
T297	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Shigatse. Tibet, China	View
QH3	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Gangcha. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
EYG44	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Sunan. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=C, China	View
XL76	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Xinlong. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=F*, China	View
T188	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Shannan. Tibet. Y.haplogroup=C, China	View
QH4	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Gangcha. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=R1a1a1, China	View
EYG40	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Sunan. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=C, China	View
BM28	Modern China	2000 CE	Qiangic. Sino-Tibetan. Daofu. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
T190	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Shannan. Tibet, China	View
QH8	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Gangcha. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
HKC109	Modern China	2000 CE	Kipchak. Turkic. Kazak Autonomous County of Aksay. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=C, China	View
BM37	Modern China	2000 CE	Qiangic. Sino-Tibetan. Daofu. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
T242	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Shannan. Tibet. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
QH11	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Gangcha. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=O3a2, China	View
HKC140	Modern China	2000 CE	Kipchak. Turkic. Kazak Autonomous County of Aksay. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=C, China	View
BM27	Modern China	2000 CE	Qiangic. Sino-Tibetan. Daofu. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, China	View
T248	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Shannan. Tibet. Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, China	View
QH13	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Gangcha. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, China	View
KZ73	Modern China	2000 CE	Kipchak. Turkic. Urumqi. Xinjiang. Y.haplogroup=R1a1a1, China	View
BM02	Modern China	2000 CE	Qiangic. Sino-Tibetan. Daofu. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=N1c1, China	View
T126	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Shannan. Tibet, China	View
QH15	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Gangcha. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
DX1157	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Linxia. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=J2a1h, China	View
BM18	Modern China	2000 CE	Qiangic. Sino-Tibetan. Daofu. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
T127	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Shannan. Tibet, China	View
QH16	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Gangcha. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
DX1175	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Linxia. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=J, China	View
DBA018	Modern China	2000 CE	Qiangic. Sino-Tibetan. Danba. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=C, China	View
T199	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Shannan. Tibet. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
QH19	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Gangcha. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
DX1170	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Linxia. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=R1a1a1, China	View
DBB001	Modern China	2000 CE	Qiangic. Sino-Tibetan. Danba. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=O3a2b1, China	View
T200	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Shannan. Tibet. Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, China	View
QH20	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Gangcha. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
DX1047	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Linxia. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=C2b2a, China	View
DBA01	Modern China	2000 CE	Qiangic. Sino-Tibetan. Danba. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
T289	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Shannan. Tibet, China	View
T18	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Lhasa. Tibet, China	View
DX1146	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Linxia. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=G2a, China	View
DBB002	Modern China	2000 CE	Qiangic. Sino-Tibetan. Danba. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=O2a1a, China	View
HN1-243	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam. Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Hunan. Y.haplogroup=O2a1a, China	View
T215	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Shigatse. Tibet. Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, China	View
DX1058	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Linxia. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=C, China	View
GL24	Modern China	2000 CE	Kra. Tai-Kadai. Longlin. Baise. Guangxi. Y.haplogroup=O2a1, China	View
HN1-273	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam. Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Hunan. Y.haplogroup=O2a1, China	View
XL22	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Xinlong. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=Q*, China	View
DX1131	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Linxia. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=R2 (Investigation), China	View
B8	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Luocheng. Guangxi, China	View
HN1-232	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam. Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Hunan. Y.haplogroup=O3a1c, China	View
XL37	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Xinlong. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=O3a2, China	View
QH6	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Gangcha. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
B14	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Luocheng. Guangxi, China	View
HN1-218	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam. Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Hunan. Y.haplogroup=O2a1a, China	View
XL05	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Xinlong. Sichuan. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
QH12	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Gangcha. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=O3a2, China	View
B43	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Luocheng. Guangxi, China	View
HN1-206	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam. Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Hunan. Y.haplogroup=O2a1a, China	View
XHTB5	Modern China	2000 CE	Tibetic. Bodish. Sino-Tibetan. Xunhua. Qinghai. Y.haplogroup=D, China	View
Dong04	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam. Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Congjiang. Kaili. Guizhou, China	View
B18	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Luocheng. Guangxi, China	View
HN1-260	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam. Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Hunan. Y.haplogroup=O3a2b1, China	View
Dong12	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam. Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Liping. Guizhou, China	View
EYG06	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Sunan. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=G2a, China	View
B32	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Luocheng. Guangxi, China	View
HN1-106	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam. Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Hunan. Y.haplogroup=N, China	View
Dong13	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam. Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Liping. Guizhou, China	View
EYG25	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Sunan. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=O3a2, China	View
A019	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Luocheng. Guangxi, China	View
Han516	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Chongqing. Y.haplogroup=O2b, China	View
Dong01	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam. Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Congjiang. Kaili. Guizhou, China	View
EYG42	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Sunan. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=O3a2c1a, China	View
A015	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Luocheng. Guangxi, China	View
Han1968	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Chongqing. Y.haplogroup=O1a, China	View
A005	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Luocheng. Guangxi, China	View
EYG46	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Sunan. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=O3a2, China	View
A016	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Luocheng. Guangxi, China	View
Han2150	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Chongqing. Y.haplogroup=O3a1c, China	View
Zhuang16	Modern China	2000 CE	Tai. Tai-Kadai. Donglan. Hechi. Guangxi, China	View
EYG24	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Sunan. Gansu. Y.haplogroup=O3a2, China	View
A123	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Luocheng. Guangxi, China	View
Han1467	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Fujian. Y.haplogroup=O3a2, China	View
Zhuang10	Modern China	2000 CE	Tai. Tai-Kadai. Jinchengjiang. Hechi. Guangxi, China	View
BAO22	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Jishishan. Gansu, China	View
W26	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Huanjiang. Guangxi, China	View
Han1619	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Fujian. Y.haplogroup=N, China	View
Zhuang06	Modern China	2000 CE	Tai. Tai-Kadai. Jinchengjiang. Hechi. Guangxi. Y.haplogroup=O2a1, China	View
BAO11	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Jishishan. Gansu, China	View
W15	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Huanjiang. Guangxi, China	View
Han1900	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Fujian. Y.haplogroup=O3a1c, China	View
Zhuang05	Modern China	2000 CE	Tai. Tai-Kadai. Rong'an. Liuzhou. Guangxi, China	View
BAO03	Modern China	2000 CE	Mongolic. Jishishan. Gansu, China	View
W41	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Huanjiang. Guangxi, China	View
Han1934	Modern China	2000 CE	Chinese. Sino-Tibetan. Fujian. Y.haplogroup=O3a1c, China	View
Zhuang07	Modern China	2000 CE	Tai. Tai-Kadai. Wuxuan. Laibin. Guangxi. Y.haplogroup=O1a, China	View
Dong007	Modern China	2000 CE	Kam. Kam-Sui. Tai‚ÄìKadai. Rongjiang. Guizhou. Y.haplogroup=O1a, China	View
S95	Late Neolithic to Early Chalcolithic Wuzhuangguoliang, China	3400 BCE	Shaanxi. Wuzhuangguoliang, China	View
S96	Late Neolithic to Early Chalcolithic Wuzhuangguoliang, China	3400 BCE	Shaanxi. Wuzhuangguoliang, China	View
S94	Late Neolithic to Early Chalcolithic Wuzhuangguoliang, China	3400 BCE	Shaanxi. Wuzhuangguoliang, China	View
AH117_18R21266	Late Neolithic to Early Chalcolithic Wuzhuangguoliang, China	2906 BCE	Shaanxi. Wuzhuangguoliang, China	View
S123	Late Neolithic to Early Chalcolithic Wuzhuangguoliang, China	3400 BCE	Shaanxi. Wuzhuangguoliang, China	View
18R21262	Late Neolithic to Early Chalcolithic Wuzhuangguoliang, China	3400 BCE	Shaanxi. Wuzhuangguoliang, China	View
S97	Late Neolithic to Early Chalcolithic Wuzhuangguoliang, China	3400 BCE	Shaanxi. Wuzhuangguoliang, China	View
S91	Late Neolithic to Early Chalcolithic Wuzhuangguoliang, China	3400 BCE	Shaanxi. Wuzhuangguoliang, China	View
S120_18R21267	Late Neolithic to Early Chalcolithic Wuzhuangguoliang, China	3400 BCE	Shaanxi. Wuzhuangguoliang, China	View
S118	Late Neolithic to Early Chalcolithic Wuzhuangguoliang, China	3400 BCE	Shaanxi. Wuzhuangguoliang, China	View
18R21265	Late Neolithic to Early Chalcolithic Wuzhuangguoliang, China	3400 BCE	Shaanxi. Wuzhuangguoliang, China	View
I1197	Boisman Culture in Russia's Middle Neolithic	4983 BCE	Primorsky Krai. Boisman-2, Russia	View
I3611	Iron Age Taiwan	133 CE	Hanben. Blihun site, Taiwan	View
I3612	Iron Age Taiwan	100 CE	Hanben. Blihun site, Taiwan	View
18R21262		3400 BCE	Shaanxi. Wuzhuangguoliang, China	View
18R21265		3400 BCE	Shaanxi. Wuzhuangguoliang, China	View
AH117_18R21266		2906 BCE	Shaanxi. Wuzhuangguoliang, China	View
S118		3400 BCE	Shaanxi. Wuzhuangguoliang, China	View
S120_18R21267		3400 BCE	Shaanxi. Wuzhuangguoliang, China	View
S123		3400 BCE	Shaanxi. Wuzhuangguoliang, China	View
S91		3400 BCE	Shaanxi. Wuzhuangguoliang, China	View
S94		3400 BCE	Shaanxi. Wuzhuangguoliang, China	View
S95		3400 BCE	Shaanxi. Wuzhuangguoliang, China	View
S96		3400 BCE	Shaanxi. Wuzhuangguoliang, China	View
S97		3400 BCE	Shaanxi. Wuzhuangguoliang, China	View
I1197		4983 BCE	Primorsky Krai. Boisman-2, Russia	View
I3611		133 CE	Hanben. Blihun site, Taiwan	View
I3612		100 CE	Hanben. Blihun site, Taiwan	View
I14308		4841 BCE	Primorsky Krai. Boisman-2, Russia	View

Sample ID	Culture/Period	Date	Location	Action
I6221	Chalcolithic Afanasievo Culture 1, Mongolia	3316 BCE	Bayankhongor aimag. Erdenetsogt sum. Shatar chuluu kurgan 2, Mongolia	View
I6222	Chalcolithic Afanasievo Culture 1, Mongolia	3320 BCE	Bayankhongor aimag. Erdenetsogt sum. Shatar chuluu kurgan 2, Mongolia	View

Ancient Genetic Admixture

Ancient genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (I6221) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles ancient populations from different geographic regions.

Western Steppe Pastoralists 50%

European Hunter-Gatherers 23%

Neolithic Farmers 20%

Ancient Asians 5%

Ancient Native Americans 3%

Modern Genetic Admixture

Modern genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (I6221) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles modern populations from different geographic regions.

These results complement the ancient ancestry components shown in the previous section, offering a different perspective on the individual's genetic profile by comparing it with modern reference populations rather than prehistoric ancestral groups.

Europe 65%

Northwestern European 37%

English 24.0%

Scandinavian 7.8%

Finnish 4.8%

Eastern European 28%

Eastern European 28.5%

Asia 32%

Northern West Asian 17%

Caucasian 16.9%

Central Asian, Northern Indian & Pakistani 15%

Pakistan 15.5%

America 3%

Native American 2.6%

Africa 0%

West African 0%

G25 Coordinates

The G25 coordinates for the sample I6221 are as follows. You can analyze its admixture using G25 Studio.

I6221,0.11399404,0.07765016,0.02572466,0.03074548,-0.00795744,0.0111582,0.00633192,0.00138542,-0.02387662,-0.0240677,0.0020143,3.278E-05,-0.00208588,-0.00670048,0.00552296,-0.00376002,-0.01085674,0.0015392,-0.00398084,-0.00696584,-0.00035168,0.00428614,-0.00259678,0.01141542,-0.00062104

Analyze it in G25 Studio

Scientific Papers References

Genomic insights into the formation of human populations in East Asia

Authors:

Wang CC, Yeh HY, Popov AN

Abstract:

The deep population history of East Asia remains poorly understood owing to a lack of ancient DNA data and sparse sampling of present-day people1,2. Here we report genome-wide data from 166 East Asian individuals dating to between 6000 BC and AD 1000 and 46 present-day groups. Hunter-gatherers from Japan, the Amur River Basin, and people of Neolithic and Iron Age Taiwan and the Tibetan Plateau are linked by a deeply splitting lineage that probably reflects a coastal migration during the Late Pleistocene epoch. We also follow expansions during the subsequent Holocene epoch from four regions. First, hunter-gatherers from Mongolia and the Amur River Basin have ancestry shared by individuals who speak Mongolic and Tungusic languages, but do not carry ancestry characteristic of farmers from the West Liao River region (around 3000 BC), which contradicts theories that the expansion of these farmers spread the Mongolic and Tungusic proto-languages. Second, farmers from the Yellow River Basin (around 3000 BC) probably spread Sino-Tibetan languages, as their ancestry dispersed both to Tibet-where it forms approximately 84% of the gene pool in some groups-and to the Central Plain, where it has contributed around 59-84% to modern Han Chinese groups. Third, people from Taiwan from around 1300 BC to AD 800 derived approximately 75% of their ancestry from a lineage that is widespread in modern individuals who speak Austronesian, Tai-Kadai and Austroasiatic languages, and that we hypothesize derives from farmers of the Yangtze River Valley. Ancient people from Taiwan also derived about 25% of their ancestry from a northern lineage that is related to, but different from, farmers of the Yellow River Basin, which suggests an additional north-to-south expansion. Fourth, ancestry from Yamnaya Steppe pastoralists arrived in western Mongolia after around 3000 BC but was displaced by previously established lineages even while it persisted in western China, as would be expected if this ancestry was associated with the spread of proto-Tocharian Indo-European languages. Two later gene flows affected western Mongolia: migrants after around 2000 BC with Yamnaya and European farmer ancestry, and episodic influences of later groups with ancestry from Turan.

Link:

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