A woman buried in USA in the Ancient North America era

I1127
Portrait reconstruction
Disclaimer: The portrait shown is a speculative reconstruction and not the actual face of the ancient sample. It represents an artistic interpretation based on archaeological data.
Specimen Details
Sample ID:
I1127
Date:
1350 CE - 1680 CE
Biological Sex:
Female
mtDNA:
D2a1a
Y-DNA:
Not applicable
Cultural Period:
Neo-Aleut Culture, Alaska, USA
Location
Country:
USA
Locality:
Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Kagamil Island Warm Cave
Coordinates:
52.9931, -169.7119
Map Location
Historical Timeline
Description

The Neo-Aleut culture refers to the indigenous peoples of the Aleutian Islands, particularly the descendants of the ancient Aleut communities, and their adaptation and evolution through time, especially from the contact period with Europeans through to modern times. This culture has a rich and varied history that reflects both the resilience and adaptability of the Aleut people in the face of external influences and environmental changes.

Geographic Setting:

The Aleutian Islands are a chain of volcanic islands extending from the tip of the Alaska Peninsula towards Russia. This location places the Aleut people in a unique ecological niche, facing the North Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea. The climate is primarily maritime, characterized by moderate temperatures, heavy rainfall, strong winds, and frequent fog. This environment plays a significant role in shaping the lifestyle, sustenance, and culture of the Neo-Aleut people.

Cultural Evolution:

  1. Historical Background:

    • Pre-Contact Period: Before European contact, the Aleut people, known as Unangan, had a traditional lifestyle that revolved around marine activities. They excelled in hunting sea mammals, fishing, and gathering shellfish and other coastal resources.
    • Russian Colonization: The 18th century brought Russian explorers and fur traders. The subsequent colonization significantly impacted Aleut society, primarily through the fur trade, which led to cultural exchanges, population decline due to disease and conflict, and shifts in subsistence patterns.

  2. Subsistence and Economy:

    • Marine Resources: Historically and into the Neo-Aleut period, the Aleut people relied heavily on the sea for their livelihood. They hunted seals, sea otters, and whales and engaged in fishing for salmon and halibut. This reliance shaped their navigation skills, boat-making (notably, the construction of baidarkas or kayaks), and knowledge of marine ecosystems.
    • Modern Adaptations: In contemporary times, Aleut communities participate in both traditional subsistence practices and modern economic activities, including commercial fishing and tourism.

  3. Social Structure and Community:

    • Traditions and Social Organization: The Aleut society traditionally had a clan-based structure with a focus on communal living and shared resources. Storytelling, feasts, and ceremonies played crucial roles in social cohesion and cultural transmission.
    • Contemporary Community Life: Modern Neo-Aleut communities maintain a blend of traditional social practices with modern governance structures, often participating in Native corporations and local government councils.

  4. Spiritual and Artistic Culture:

    • Worldview and Spirituality: Traditionally, the Aleut people practiced animism, believing in the interconnectedness of all living things. Shamanism and rituals were integral to their spiritual life.
    • Art and Expression: Aleut artistry is noted for its utilitarian and decorative objects, including intricate basketry, woven grass garments, and masks, often reflecting sea and wildlife themes.

  5. Language and Education:

    • Aleut Language: The Aleut language, an Eskimo-Aleut language, is a vital element of cultural identity. Efforts to revitalize the language have been ongoing, with programs aimed at teaching it to younger generations.
    • Education Initiatives: Schools in Aleut communities often incorporate cultural education, teaching students about their history, language, and traditional practices.

  6. Adaptation and Resilience:

    • The Neo-Aleut culture represents a paradigm of adaptation, as these communities continuously navigate the challenges posed by environmental changes, globalization, and cultural assimilation. They actively engage in preserving and promoting their cultural heritage through festivals, educational programs, and advocacy.

Challenges and Future Directions:

The Neo-Aleut culture faces ongoing challenges, such as climate change affecting their traditional livelihoods, economic shifts, and the need for cultural preservation. However, continued efforts in education, cultural revitalization, and community empowerment reflect a vibrant cultural resilience, ensuring the survival and growth of the Neo-Aleut identity in the 21st century and beyond.

In summary, the Neo-Aleut culture of Alaska is a dynamic and enduring testament to the resilience of the Aleut people, blending ancient traditions with modern practices while continuing to face and adapt to new challenges.

Related Samples
Sample ID Culture/Period Date Location Action
I1128 Neo-Aleut Culture, Alaska, USA 1390 CE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Kagamil Island Warm Cave, USA View
I1129 Neo-Aleut Culture, Alaska, USA 1390 CE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Kagamil Island Warm Cave, USA View
I1125 Neo-Aleut Culture, Alaska, USA 1240 CE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Ship Rock Island, USA View
I1127 Neo-Aleut Culture, Alaska, USA 1350 CE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Kagamil Island Warm Cave, USA View
I1118 Neo-Aleut Culture, Alaska, USA 1450 CE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Kagamil Island Warm Cave, USA View
I0712 Paleo-Aleut Culture, Alaska, USA 690 CE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Umnak Island. Chaluka Midden, USA View
I0719 Paleo-Aleut Culture, Alaska, USA 1250 CE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Umnak Island. Chaluka Midden, USA View
I5320 Ancient Athabaskan, Alaska, USA 1,100 Years Ago 1000 CE Alaska. western interior. Tochak McGrath. Upper Kuskokwim River, USA View
I5321 Ancient Athabaskan, Alaska, USA 1,100 Years Ago 1000 CE Alaska. western interior. Tochak McGrath. Upper Kuskokwim River, USA View
I1525 Old Bering Sea Culture Uelen, Russia 60 CE Uelen Chukotka. Bering Strait, Russia View
I1526 Ust-Belaya Angara Culture, Russia 2897 BCE Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River, Russia View
I7333 Old Bering Sea Culture Ekven, Russia 510 CE Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven, Russia View
I7347 Old Bering Sea Culture Ekven, Russia 1050 CE Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven, Russia View
I7349 Old Bering Sea Culture Ekven, Russia 640 CE Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven, Russia View
I7621 Old Bering Sea Culture Ekven, Russia 480 CE Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven, Russia View
I7759 Ust-Belaya Angara Culture, Russia 5210 BCE Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River, Russia View
I7779 Ust-Belaya Angara Culture, Russia 2900 BCE Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River, Russia View
I7781 Ust-Belaya Angara Culture, Russia 1280 CE Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River, Russia View
I7348 Old Bering Sea Culture Ekven, Russia 630 CE Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven, Russia View
I7331 Old Bering Sea Culture Ekven, Russia 720 CE Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven, Russia View
I7339 Old Bering Sea Culture Ekven, Russia 690 CE Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven, Russia View
I7335 Ust-Belaya Angara Culture, Russia 2570 BCE Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River, Russia View
I7340 Old Bering Sea Culture Ekven, Russia 810 CE Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven, Russia View
I7338 Old Bering Sea Culture Ekven, Russia 1210 CE Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven, Russia View
I7343 Old Bering Sea Culture Ekven, Russia 970 CE Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven, Russia View
I7344 Old Bering Sea Culture Ekven, Russia 730 CE Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven, Russia View
I7337 Old Bering Sea Culture Ekven, Russia 620 CE Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven, Russia View
I7760 Ust-Belaya Angara Culture, Russia 3950 BCE Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River, Russia View
I5319 Ancient Athabaskan, Alaska, USA 1,100 Years Ago 1050 CE Alaska. western interior. Tochak McGrath. Upper Kuskokwim River, USA View
I1524 Old Bering Sea Culture Uelen, Russia 830 CE Uelen Chukotka. Bering Strait, Russia View
Tuebingen02 Modern Russia 2000 CE Dudinka, Russia View
Tuebingen06 Modern Russia 2000 CE Ust'-Avam, Russia View
Tuebingen07 Modern Russia 2000 CE Ust'-Avam, Russia View
Tuebingen12 Modern Russia 2000 CE Ust'-Avam, Russia View
Tuebingen14 Modern Russia 2000 CE Ust'-Avam, Russia View
Tuebingen17 Modern Russia 2000 CE Dudinka, Russia View
Tuebingen19 Modern Russia 2000 CE Dudinka, Russia View
Tuebingen21 Modern Russia 2000 CE Volochanka, Russia View
Tuebingen23 Modern Russia 2000 CE Volochanka, Russia View
Tuebingen25 Modern Russia 2000 CE Ust'-Avam, Russia View
Tuebingen27 Modern Russia 2000 CE Ust'-Avam, Russia View
Tuebingen28 Modern Russia 2000 CE Dudinka, Russia View
Tuebingen35 Modern Russia 2000 CE Potapovo, Russia View
Tuebingen44 Modern Russia 2000 CE Potapovo, Russia View
Tuebingen50 Modern Russia 2000 CE Farkovo, Russia View
Tuebingen51 Modern Russia 2000 CE Farkovo, Russia View
Tuebingen52 Modern Russia 2000 CE Farkovo, Russia View
Tuebingen53 Modern Russia 2000 CE Farkovo, Russia View
Tuebingen54 Modern Russia 2000 CE Farkovo, Russia View
Tuebingen58 Modern Russia 2000 CE Farkovo, Russia View
Tuebingen59 Modern Russia 2000 CE Farkovo, Russia View
Tuebingen60 Modern Russia 2000 CE Farkovo, Russia View
Tuebingen62 Modern Russia 2000 CE Turukhansk, Russia View
Tuebingen64 Modern Russia 2000 CE Turukhansk, Russia View
Tuebingen72 Modern Russia 2000 CE Turukhansk, Russia View
Tuebingen74 Modern Russia 2000 CE Turukhansk, Russia View
Tuebingen76 Modern Russia 2000 CE Turukhansk, Russia View
Tuebingen77 Modern Russia 2000 CE Turukhansk, Russia View
Tuebingen79 Modern Russia 2000 CE Turukhansk, Russia View
Tuebingen80 Modern Russia 2000 CE Kellog, Russia View
Tuebingen81 Modern Russia 2000 CE Kellog, Russia View
Tuebingen83 Modern Russia 2000 CE Sumarokovo, Russia View
Tuebingen82 Modern Russia 2000 CE Kellog, Russia View
Tuebingen87 Modern Russia 2000 CE Sulomai, Russia View
Tuebingen90 Modern Russia 2000 CE Bor, Russia View
Tuebingen94 Modern Russia 2000 CE Sulomai, Russia View
Tuebingen95 Modern Russia 2000 CE Sulomai, Russia View
Tuebingen97 Modern Russia 2000 CE Sulomai, Russia View
Tuebingen101 Modern Russia 2000 CE Sulomai, Russia View
Tuebingen103 Modern Russia 2000 CE Sulomai, Russia View
Tuebingen104 Modern Russia 2000 CE Sulomai, Russia View
Tuebingen106 Modern Russia 2000 CE Volochanka, Russia View
Tuebingen111 Modern Russia 2000 CE Volochanka, Russia View
Tuebingen112 Modern Russia 2000 CE Volochanka, Russia View
Tuebingen114 Modern Russia 2000 CE Volochanka, Russia View
Tuebingen116 Modern Russia 2000 CE Volochanka, Russia View
Tuebingen119 Modern Russia 2000 CE Volochanka, Russia View
Tuebingen121 Modern Russia 2000 CE Volochanka, Russia View
Tuebingen123 Modern Russia 2000 CE Volochanka, Russia View
Tuebingen124 Modern Russia 2000 CE Volochanka, Russia View
Tuebingen126 Modern Russia 2000 CE Volochanka, Russia View
Tuebingen127 Modern Russia 2000 CE Volochanka, Russia View
TuebingenK7 Modern Russia 2000 CE Baklanikha, Russia View
TuebingenK15 Modern Russia 2000 CE Kellog, Russia View
TuebingenK16 Modern Russia 2000 CE Surgutikha, Russia View
TuebingenK17 Modern Russia 2000 CE Pakulikha, Russia View
TuebingenK22 Modern Russia 2000 CE Igarka, Russia View
TuebingenK29 Modern Russia 2000 CE Bakhta, Russia View
I1124 Neo-Aleut Culture, Alaska, USA 1480 CE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Kagamil Island Warm Cave, USA View
I1123 Neo-Aleut Culture, Alaska, USA 1450 CE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Kagamil Island Warm Cave, USA View
I1126 Paleo-Aleut Culture, Alaska, USA 730 CE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Umnak Island. Chaluka Midden, USA View
I0721 Paleo-Aleut Culture, Alaska, USA 350 BCE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Umnak Island. Chaluka Midden, USA View
I8296 Ust-Belaya Angara Culture, Russia 2860 BCE Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River, Russia View
I8294 Old Bering Sea Culture Uelen, Russia 990 CE Uelen Chukotka. Bering Strait, Russia View
I8295 Ust-Belaya Angara Culture, Russia 2620 BCE Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River, Russia View
I8298 Ust-Belaya Angara Culture, Russia 3790 BCE Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River, Russia View
I10427 Middle Dorset Culture, Canada 50 CE Victoria Island, Canada View
I7342 348 BCE Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven, Russia View
I0719 1250 CE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Umnak Island. Chaluka Midden, USA View
I1123 1450 CE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Kagamil Island Warm Cave, USA View
I1124 1480 CE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Kagamil Island Warm Cave, USA View
I0721 350 BCE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Umnak Island. Chaluka Midden, USA View
I1126 730 CE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Umnak Island. Chaluka Midden, USA View
I5319 1050 CE Alaska. western interior. Tochak McGrath. Upper Kuskokwim River, USA View
I7782 2860 BCE Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River, Russia View
I5319 1050 CE Alaska. western interior. Tochak McGrath. Upper Kuskokwim River, USA View
I10427 50 CE Victoria Island, Canada View
I8294 990 CE Uelen Chukotka. Bering Strait, Russia View
I8295 2620 BCE Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River, Russia View
I8296 2860 BCE Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River, Russia View
I8298 3790 BCE Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River, Russia View
Sample ID Culture/Period Date Location Action
I1128 Neo-Aleut Culture, Alaska, USA 1390 CE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Kagamil Island Warm Cave, USA View
I1129 Neo-Aleut Culture, Alaska, USA 1390 CE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Kagamil Island Warm Cave, USA View
I1125 Neo-Aleut Culture, Alaska, USA 1240 CE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Ship Rock Island, USA View
I1127 Neo-Aleut Culture, Alaska, USA 1350 CE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Kagamil Island Warm Cave, USA View
I1118 Neo-Aleut Culture, Alaska, USA 1450 CE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Kagamil Island Warm Cave, USA View
I1124 Neo-Aleut Culture, Alaska, USA 1480 CE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Kagamil Island Warm Cave, USA View
I1123 Neo-Aleut Culture, Alaska, USA 1450 CE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Kagamil Island Warm Cave, USA View
Ancient Genetic Admixture

Ancient genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (I1127) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles ancient populations from different geographic regions.

Ancient Asians 67%
Ancient Native Americans 29%
Western Steppe Pastoralists 3%
Modern Genetic Admixture

Modern genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (I1127) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles modern populations from different geographic regions.

These results complement the ancient ancestry components shown in the previous section, offering a different perspective on the individual's genetic profile by comparing it with modern reference populations rather than prehistoric ancestral groups.

Asia 53%
Northern Asian 47%
Siberian 38.0%
Mongolian 9.2%
Japanese & Korean 6%
Japanese 6.0%
America 46%
America 46%
Native American 46.0%
Oceania 1%
Melanesian 1%
Papuan 0.8%
G25 Coordinates

The G25 coordinates for the sample I1127 are as follows. You can analyze its admixture using G25 Studio.

I1127,0.0513564,-0.3353541,0.1090318,0.05783344,-0.11477724,-0.0282115,-0.14238286,-0.16423748,0.00468736,-0.01301034,0.02237352,-0.00720884,0.00714526,-0.01679624,-0.03040348,-0.01447696,0.0018278,0.01641318,0.03160166,0.01596578,0.02113426,-0.03842116,0.00811974,0.02371776,0.03220263
Analyze it in G25 Studio
Scientific Papers References
Palaeo-Eskimo genetic ancestry and the peopling of Chukotka and North America
Authors:
Flegontov P, Altınışık NE, Changmai P
Abstract:

Much of the American Arctic was first settled 5,000 years ago, by groups of people known as Palaeo-Eskimos. They were subsequently joined and largely displaced around 1,000 years ago by ancestors of the present-day Inuit and Yup'ik1-3. The genetic relationship between Palaeo-Eskimos and Native American, Inuit, Yup'ik and Aleut populations remains uncertain4-6. Here we present genomic data for 48 ancient individuals from Chukotka, East Siberia, the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and the Canadian Arctic. We co-analyse these data with data from present-day Alaskan Iñupiat and West Siberian populations and published genomes. Using methods based on rare-allele and haplotype sharing, as well as established techniques4,7-9, we show that Palaeo-Eskimo-related ancestry is ubiquitous among people who speak Na-Dene and Eskimo-Aleut languages. We develop a comprehensive model for the Holocene peopling events of Chukotka and North America, and show that Na-Dene-speaking peoples, people of the Aleutian Islands, and Yup'ik and Inuit across the Arctic region all share ancestry from a single Palaeo-Eskimo-related Siberian source.

Link:
View Publication
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