A woman buried in Brazil in the Modern era

HGDP00846

Disclaimer: The portrait shown is a speculative reconstruction and not the actual face of the ancient sample. It represents an artistic interpretation based on archaeological data.

Specimen Details

Sample ID:

HGDP00846

Date:

2000 CE - 2000 CE

Biological Sex:

Female

mtDNA:

Not available

Y-DNA:

Not applicable

Cultural Period:

Modern Brazil

Location

Country:

Brazil

Locality:

Coordinates:

-11.0000, -62.0000

Map Location

Historical Timeline

Description

Modern Brazil, a nation renowned for its vibrant culture and diverse societal influences, is an intricate tapestry woven from various threads, including indigenous roots, Portuguese colonization, African heritage, and waves of immigration from Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. This melting pot of identities leads to a cultural dynamism that is reflective in every aspect of Brazilian life, from its art and music to its politics and economy.

Society and Demographics

Brazil is the largest country in South America both in terms of area and population. With over 210 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in the world. The Brazilian population is incredibly diverse, with significant ethnic and racial groups including White Brazilians, Afro-Brazilians, Indigenous people, and a growing community of Asian Brazilians, particularly of Japanese descent. The cities are bustling with urban life, particularly in megacities like São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, which are global metropolises, but also have significant socioeconomic disparities that are evident in sprawling favelas.

Economy

Brazil possesses the largest economy in Latin America and is often considered one of the world's major emerging markets—part of the BRICS group alongside Russia, India, China, and South Africa. It is rich in natural resources, which makes agriculture (especially soybeans, coffee, and sugarcane) and mining (iron ore and oil) crucial economic sectors. In recent years, technology and service sectors have grown, especially in cities where innovation hubs are emerging. However, Brazil's economy frequently grapples with issues such as political corruption, economic inequality, and volatility.

Politics

Brazil is a federal republic, and its political landscape is characterized by a complex multi-party system. Contemporary Brazilian politics has seen turbulence and transformative phases, with recent administrations dealing with economic challenges and social unrest. Issues such as corruption have led to significant law enforcement actions like \Operation Car Wash," which unveiled widespread corruption networks. Political polarization is a feature of modern Brazilian society, with contentious elections reflecting divisions on economic approaches, environmental policies, and social reforms.

Culture

Brazilian culture is world-renowned for its carnival festivities, samba music, and the iconic Christ the Redeemer statue overlooking Rio de Janeiro. The country is also a global hub for football (soccer), having produced legendary players like Pelé and Neymar and hosting the World Cup in 2014. Literature and arts are thriving, with a history of influential writers like Jorge Amado and contemporary artists breaking through in visual arts and cinema.

The culinary landscape is equally diverse and reflects the country's extensive immigration history, with dishes like feijoada, pão de queijo, and brigadeiros being national favorites. Brazilian music goes beyond samba and bossa nova, with genres like MPB (Música Popular Brasileira), funk carioca, and sertanejo popular across different regions.

Environment and Biodiversity

Brazil houses vast natural resources and is ecologically rich with its Amazon Rainforest, known as the "lungs of the Earth." The country is at the forefront of environmental discussions, balancing economic development with the need to preserve natural habitats. Deforestation and climate change remain significant concerns, prompting domestic and international movements for conservation and sustainable practices.

Social Issues

Despite rich cultural and natural capital, Brazil faces ongoing challenges in addressing poverty, education inequality, and healthcare accessibility. Social movements have been pivotal in advocating for change; feminism, LGBTQ+ rights, and racial equality movements are particularly active in urban centers, pushing for legislative and societal shifts. Violence and crime, especially in certain urban areas, remain problematic but are being tackled through various community and governmental initiatives.

Conclusion

Modern Brazil is a nation of contrasts and convergence, where tradition and innovation meet, creating a unique and resilient cultural identity. The challenges it faces are matched by the potential that lies within its people, economy, and environment, positioning Brazil as an influential player on the global stage with a distinct and evolving identity."

Related Samples

Same Publication
Same Culture

Sample ID	Culture/Period	Date	Location	Action
HGDP00542	Modern Papua New Guinea	2000 CE	New Guinea. Iatmul and Kwoma societies of the Middle Sepik River region, Papua New Guinea	View
S_Mixe-2	Modern Mexico	2000 CE	Tamazulapan. Mixe, Mexico	View
S_Mixe-3	Modern Mexico	2000 CE	Tamazulapan. Mixe, Mexico	View
HGDP00540	Modern Papua New Guinea	2000 CE	New Guinea. Iatmul and Kwoma societies of the Middle Sepik River region, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00541	Modern Papua New Guinea	2000 CE	New Guinea. Iatmul and Kwoma societies of the Middle Sepik River region, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00543	Modern Papua New Guinea	2000 CE	New Guinea. Iatmul and Kwoma societies of the Middle Sepik River region, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00545	Modern Papua New Guinea	2000 CE	New Guinea. Iatmul and Kwoma societies of the Middle Sepik River region, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00547	Modern Papua New Guinea	2000 CE	New Guinea. Iatmul and Kwoma societies of the Middle Sepik River region, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00548	Modern Papua New Guinea	2000 CE	New Guinea. Iatmul and Kwoma societies of the Middle Sepik River region, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00549	Modern Papua New Guinea	2000 CE	New Guinea. Iatmul and Kwoma societies of the Middle Sepik River region, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00550	Modern Papua New Guinea	2000 CE	New Guinea. Iatmul and Kwoma societies of the Middle Sepik River region, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00552	Modern Papua New Guinea	2000 CE	New Guinea. Iatmul and Kwoma societies of the Middle Sepik River region, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00553	Modern Papua New Guinea	2000 CE	New Guinea. Iatmul and Kwoma societies of the Middle Sepik River region, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00554	Modern Papua New Guinea	2000 CE	New Guinea. Iatmul and Kwoma societies of the Middle Sepik River region, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00555	Modern Papua New Guinea	2000 CE	New Guinea. Iatmul and Kwoma societies of the Middle Sepik River region, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00556	Modern Papua New Guinea	2000 CE	New Guinea. Iatmul and Kwoma societies of the Middle Sepik River region, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00846	Modern Brazil	2000 CE	, Brazil	View
HGDP00852	Modern Brazil	2000 CE	, Brazil	View
HGDP00928	Modern Nigeria	2000 CE	, Nigeria	View
HGDP00932	Modern Nigeria	2000 CE	, Nigeria	View
HGDP00541		0	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00547		0	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00543		0	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00545		0	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00550		0	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00555		0	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00556		0	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00553		0	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00549		0	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00542		0	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00548		0	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00540		0	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00932		0	, Nigeria	View
HGDP00846		0	, Brazil	View
HGDP00552		0	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00852		0	, Brazil	View
HGDP00554		0	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00928		0	, Nigeria	View
HGDP00540		2000 CE	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00541		2000 CE	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00542		2000 CE	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00543		2000 CE	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00545		2000 CE	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00547		2000 CE	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00548		2000 CE	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00549		2000 CE	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00550		2000 CE	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00552		2000 CE	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00553		2000 CE	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00554		2000 CE	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00555		2000 CE	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00556		2000 CE	, Papua New Guinea	View
HGDP00928		2000 CE	, Nigeria	View
HGDP00932		2000 CE	, Nigeria	View
HGDP00846		2000 CE	, Brazil	View
HGDP00852		2000 CE	, Brazil	View

Sample ID	Culture/Period	Date	Location	Action
HGDP00998	Modern Brazil	2000 CE	, Brazil	View
HGDP01012	Modern Brazil	2000 CE	, Brazil	View
HGDP01015	Modern Brazil	2000 CE	, Brazil	View
HGDP01018	Modern Brazil	2000 CE	, Brazil	View
HGDP00995	Modern Brazil	2000 CE	, Brazil	View
HGDP00999	Modern Brazil	2000 CE	, Brazil	View
HGDP01001	Modern Brazil	2000 CE	, Brazil	View
HGDP01009	Modern Brazil	2000 CE	, Brazil	View
HGDP01010	Modern Brazil	2000 CE	, Brazil	View
HGDP01013	Modern Brazil	2000 CE	, Brazil	View
HGDP01014	Modern Brazil	2000 CE	, Brazil	View
HGDP01019	Modern Brazil	2000 CE	, Brazil	View
BI16	Modern Brazil	2000 CE	, Brazil	View
HGDP00846	Modern Brazil	2000 CE	, Brazil	View
HGDP00852	Modern Brazil	2000 CE	, Brazil	View
HGDP00832	Modern Brazil	2000 CE	, Brazil	View
HGDP00837	Modern Brazil	2000 CE	, Brazil	View
HGDP00838	Modern Brazil	2000 CE	, Brazil	View
HGDP00843	Modern Brazil	2000 CE	, Brazil	View
HGDP00845	Modern Brazil	2000 CE	, Brazil	View
HGDP00849	Modern Brazil	2000 CE	, Brazil	View
HGDP01003	Modern Brazil	2000 CE	, Brazil	View
HGDP01006	Modern Brazil	2000 CE	, Brazil	View
HGDP00998_WGA	Modern Brazil	2000 CE	, Brazil	View

Scientific Papers References

Genetic evidence for two founding populations of the Americas

Authors:

Skoglund P, Mallick S, Bortolini MC

Abstract:

Genetic studies have consistently indicated a single common origin of Native American groups from Central and South America. However, some morphological studies have suggested a more complex picture, whereby the northeast Asian affinities of present-day Native Americans contrast with a distinctive morphology seen in some of the earliest American skeletons, which share traits with present-day Australasians (indigenous groups in Australia, Melanesia, and island Southeast Asia). Here we analyse genome-wide data to show that some Amazonian Native Americans descend partly from a Native American founding population that carried ancestry more closely related to indigenous Australians, New Guineans and Andaman Islanders than to any present-day Eurasians or Native Americans. This signature is not present to the same extent, or at all, in present-day Northern and Central Americans or in a ∼12,600-year-old Clovis-associated genome, suggesting a more diverse set of founding populations of the Americas than previously accepted.

Link:

View Publication