A woman buried in Kyrgyzstan in the Medieval era

DA68

Disclaimer: The portrait shown is a speculative reconstruction and not the actual face of the ancient sample. It represents an artistic interpretation based on archaeological data.

Specimen Details

Sample ID:

DA68

Date:

550 CE - 645 CE

Biological Sex:

Female

mtDNA:

M11a

Y-DNA:

Not applicable

Cultural Period:

The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan

Location

Country:

Kyrgyzstan

Locality:

Tian Shan. Central Steppe

Coordinates:

41.5014, 75.7947

Map Location

Historical Timeline

Description

The Hun period in Kyrgyzstan is an intriguing era that represents a significant chapter in the tapestry of Central Asian history, particularly concerning the nomadic steppe cultures. This period is characterized by the dominance and migrations of the Huns, a confederation of nomadic tribes whose influence extended across vast parts of Eurasia, including the Tian Shan mountains of present-day Kyrgyzstan.

Geographic and Environmental Context

The geography of Kyrgyzstan, particularly the Tian Shan mountain range, played a critical role in shaping the lifestyle and culture of the Hun period. The rugged and mountainous terrain provided a natural fortress, enabling the Huns and other nomadic tribes to thrive. This region, known for its harsh winters and diverse ecosystems, dictated the nomadic lifestyle, as it required adaptability and a deep understanding of seasonal migrations for pastoralism.

Society and Culture

The Huns were predominantly pastoral nomads, relying extensively on herding and livestock management for their livelihoods. Their society was organized around clans and tribes, with strong kinship ties and a fluid hierarchical structure. The social organization was typically led by a chieftain or a khan, who was chosen based on prowess in warfare and leadership skills.

Lifestyle and Daily Life

Nomadic life necessitated mobility and adaptability. The Huns lived in portable dwellings such as yurts (felt tents), which were well-suited for the nomadic lifestyle, allowing them to relocate efficiently with the changing seasons. Livestock, particularly horses, sheep, and camels, were central to their way of life, providing food, clothing, and materials for trade.

The Huns were skilled horsemen, which played a crucial role in their military strategies and daily life. Horses were not only essential for transportation but also symbolized power and prestige. The mastery of horseback riding and archery made the Huns formidable warriors and facilitated their dominance over vast territories.

Economy and Trade

While primarily pastoralists, the Huns engaged in trade with sedentary civilizations along the Silk Road, a network of trade routes that connected the East and West. These interactions facilitated the exchange of goods, such as silk, spices, and metals, and cultural influences, including technological and artistic innovations. However, their reputation as fierce warriors often led them to conquer or demand tributes from neighboring sedentary populations.

Religion and Beliefs

The spiritual life of the Huns was deeply intertwined with shamanistic beliefs and animism. They revered the natural world and believed in various spirits and deities associated with nature, such as mountains, rivers, and animals. Shamans held an important role in Hun communities, acting as intermediaries between the spiritual and physical worlds.

Art and Material Culture

Hun art and material culture are characterized by their practical and utilitarian nature, reflecting the mobile lifestyle. They crafted beautifully decorated weapons and horse tack, often adorned with intricate designs that had symbolic meanings. Metalworking skills were advanced, allowing for the creation of durable tools and ornaments.

Impact and Legacy

The Hun period significantly influenced the socio-political landscape of Central Asia and beyond. Their movements and military campaigns contributed to the shaping of future steppe empires and the eventual migration patterns of various tribes. The legacy of the Huns is evident in the cultural blending and exchanges that occurred during their dominance, as well as in the historical narratives and myths that arose in their wake.

In conclusion, the Hun period in Kyrgyzstan exemplifies the dynamic and complex nature of nomadic steppe cultures. It offers a captivating glimpse into the adaptability, resilience, and ingenuity of the Huns as they navigated the challenges and opportunities presented by the vast and varied landscapes of Central Asia.

Related Samples

Same Publication
Same Culture

Sample ID	Culture/Period	Date	Location	Action
DA35	Late Bronze Age Armenia	1421 BCE	Caucasus, Armenia	View
DA31	Late Bronze Age Armenia	1400 BCE	Caucasus, Armenia	View
DA119	Poprad Site, Slovakia	200 CE	, Slovakia	View
DA243	Alan Culture, Russia	450 CE	Caucasus, Russia	View
DA162	Alan Culture, Russia	450 CE	Caucasus, Russia	View
DA8	Tagar Culture, Russia	1000 BCE	Siberia. Tungus & Eastern Steppe, Russia	View
DA142	Medieval Nomad, Russia	600 CE	Caspian steppe, Russia	View
DA2	Tagar Culture, Russia	925 BCE	Siberia. Tungus & Eastern Steppe, Russia	View
DA164	Alan Culture, Russia	850 CE	Caucasus, Russia	View
DA6	Tagar Culture, Russia	1000 BCE	Siberia. Tungus & Eastern Steppe, Russia	View
DA9	Tagar Culture, Russia	1000 BCE	Siberia. Tungus & Eastern Steppe, Russia	View
DA4	Tagar Culture, Russia	1000 BCE	Siberia. Tungus & Eastern Steppe, Russia	View
DA139	Sarmatian Culture, Russia	800 BCE	Caspian steppe, Russia	View
DA343	Early Bronze Age Ust-Ida, Russia	3083 BCE	Ust'-Ida, Russia	View
DA361	Early Bronze Age Ust-Ida, Russia	2445 BCE	Ust'-Ida, Russia	View
DA3	Tagar Culture, Russia	1000 BCE	Siberia. Tungus & Eastern Steppe, Russia	View
DA7	Tagar Culture, Russia	1000 BCE	Siberia. Tungus & Eastern Steppe, Russia	View
DA143	Sarmatian Culture, Russia	800 BCE	Caspian steppe, Russia	View
DA5	Tagar Culture, Russia	1000 BCE	Siberia. Tungus & Eastern Steppe, Russia	View
DA160	Alan Culture, Russia	450 CE	Caucasus, Russia	View
DA356	Early Bronze Age Ust-Ida, Russia	2456 BCE	Ust'-Ida, Russia	View
DA134	Sarmatian Culture, Russia	800 BCE	Caspian steppe, Russia	View
DA141	Sarmatian Culture, Russia	800 BCE	Caspian steppe, Russia	View
DA136	Sarmatian Culture, Russia	800 BCE	Caspian steppe, Russia	View
DA144	Sarmatian Culture, Russia	800 BCE	Caspian steppe, Russia	View
DA146	Alan Culture, Russia	450 CE	Caucasus, Russia	View
DA353	Early Bronze Age Ust-Ida, Russia	2565 BCE	Ust'-Ida, Russia	View
DA145	Sarmatian Culture, Russia	800 BCE	Caspian steppe, Russia	View
DA161	Alan Culture, Russia	450 CE	Caucasus, Russia	View
DA190	Saltovo-Mayaki Culture, Russia	610 CE	Caspian steppe, Russia	View
DA188	Saltovo-Mayaki Culture, Russia	709 CE	Caspian steppe, Russia	View
DA189	Saltovo-Mayaki Culture, Russia	600 CE	Caspian steppe, Russia	View
DA231	Andronovo Culture in Kazakhstan	1610 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA13	Saka Culture in Kazakhstan	767 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA16	Saka Culture in Kazakhstan	756 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA14	Saka Culture in Kazakhstan	767 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA11	Saka Culture in Kazakhstan	777 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA15	Saka Culture in Kazakhstan	769 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA10	Central Saka Culture in Kazakhstan	800 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA19	Central Saka Culture in Kazakhstan	810 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA17	Central Saka Culture in Kazakhstan	810 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA28	Golden Horde Period Kazakhstan (Asian Influence)	1200 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA29	Golden Horde Period Kazakhstan (European Influence)	1200 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA207	Historical Kazakhstan	1650 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA208	Historical Kazakhstan	1650 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
I7110	Iron Age Saka Culture, Kazakhstan	752 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe. Kargaly 1, Kazakhstan	View
DA121	Kangju Culture in Kazakhstan	250 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
I10514	Kangju Culture in Kazakhstan	129 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe. Karatuma. Kaynar Bulak 2, Kazakhstan	View
DA123	Kangju Culture in Kazakhstan	50 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA206	Kangju Culture in Kazakhstan	124 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA226	Kangju Culture in Kazakhstan	50 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA125	Kangju Culture in Kazakhstan	134 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
I12113	Karakhanid Period Kazakhstan	886 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe. Butakty, Kazakhstan	View
I12117	Karluk Culture 1, Kazakhstan	750 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe. Butakty, Kazakhstan	View
I12116	Karluk Culture 2, Kazakhstan	995 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe. Butakty, Kazakhstan	View
DA87	Kimak Period Kazakhstan	605 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA179	Kipchak Period 1, Kazakhstan	1000 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA23	Kipchak Period 2, Kazakhstan	1036 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA93	Medieval Nomad, Kazakhstan	678 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA128	Medieval Nomad, Kazakhstan	1224 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA94	Medieval Nomad, Kazakhstan	600 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA124	Medieval Nomad, Kazakhstan	648 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA126	Medieval Nomad, Kazakhstan	890 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA177	High Paleolithic Kazakhstan	200 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA95	High Paleolithic Kazakhstan	241 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA27	Nomadic Kazakhstan	265 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA20	Nomadic Kazakhstan	366 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA18	Iron Age Nomad, Kazakhstan	761 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA129	Iron Age Nomad, Kazakhstan	539 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA92	Iron Age Nomad, Kazakhstan	51 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA171	Late Antiquity Lithuania	50 CE	, Lithuania	View
I11523	Sarmatian Culture in Kazakhstan	769 BCE	Tengiz. Caspian steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA30	Sarmatian Culture in Kazakhstan	96 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA26	Sarmatian Culture in Kazakhstan	800 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
I25911	Karakhanid Period Kazakhstan	800 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe. Butakty, Kazakhstan	View
I25832	Karakhanid Period Kazakhstan	800 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe. Butakty, Kazakhstan	View
DA127	The Hun Period in Kazakhstan	214 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA130	Tian Shan Saka Culture, Kazakhstan	373 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
I10141	Turk-Kangju Culture in Kazakhstan	252 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe. Becentshitobe, Kazakhstan	View
DA228	Turkic Period Kazakhstan	300 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA89	Turkic Period Kazakhstan	645 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
I11524	Late Saka Culture in Kazakhstan	344 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe. Turgen-2, Kazakhstan	View
DA227	Late Saka Culture in Kazakhstan	300 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe. Turgen-2, Kazakhstan	View
DA223	Wusun Culture in Kazakhstan	414 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
I10519	Wusun Culture in Kazakhstan	500 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe. Turgen-2, Kazakhstan	View
DA106	Medieval Nomad, Kyrgyzstan	1161 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA118	Medieval Nomad, Kyrgyzstan	1030 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA99	Medieval Nomad, Kyrgyzstan	1046 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA116	Medieval Nomad, Kyrgyzstan	1049 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA117	Modern Nomad, Kyrgyzstan	1670 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA81	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	166 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA85	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	133 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA70	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	26 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA98	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	26 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA101	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	212 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA385	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	415 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA100	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	235 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA104	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	1 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA72	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	250 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA96	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	250 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA74	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	264 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA80	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	236 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA69	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	266 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA73	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	236 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA52	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	411 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA66	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	431 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA65	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	265 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA54	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	255 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA82	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	33 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA68	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	550 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA71	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	246 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA105	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	125 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA56	Saka Culture in Kyrgyzstan	193 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA53	Saka Culture in Kyrgyzstan	541 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA47	Saka Culture in Kyrgyzstan	344 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA57	Saka Culture in Kyrgyzstan	338 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA58	Saka Culture in Kyrgyzstan	334 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA50	Saka Culture in Kyrgyzstan	650 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA51	Saka Culture in Kyrgyzstan	386 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA55	Saka Culture in Kyrgyzstan	150 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA49	Saka Culture in Kyrgyzstan	376 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA48	Saka Culture in Kyrgyzstan	600 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA59	Saka Culture in Kyrgyzstan	354 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA86	Turkic Period Kyrgyzstan	413 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA45	Xiongnu Period Mongolia	172 BCE	Siberia. Tungus & Eastern Steppe, Mongolia	View
DA39	Xiongnu Period Mongolia	150 BCE	Siberia. Tungus & Eastern Steppe, Mongolia	View
DA43	Xiongnu Period Mongolia	400 BCE	Siberia. Tungus & Eastern Steppe, Mongolia	View
DA38	Xiongnu Period Mongolia	345 BCE	Siberia. Tungus & Eastern Steppe, Mongolia	View
DA41	Xiongnu Period Mongolia	351 BCE	Siberia. Tungus & Eastern Steppe, Mongolia	View
DA195	Iron Age Scythian Culture, Hungary	772 BCE	, Hungary	View
DA194	Iron Age Scythian Culture, Hungary	513 BCE	, Hungary	View
DA191	Iron Age Scythian Culture, Hungary	749 BCE	, Hungary	View
DA198	Iron Age Scythian Culture, Hungary	737 BCE	, Hungary	View
DA199	Medieval Hungary	1216 CE	, Hungary	View
DA197	Iron Age Scythian Culture, Hungary	726 BCE	, Hungary	View
DA111	Iron Age Hallstatt Culture, Czech Republic	909 BCE	NW Bohemia. Litoměřice. Lovosice, Czech Republic	View
DA112	Iron Age Hallstatt Culture, Czech Republic	753 BCE	NW Bohemia. Litoměřice. Lovosice, Czech Republic	View
I11524		344 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe. Turgen-2, Kazakhstan	View
I11523		769 BCE	Tengiz. Caspian steppe, Kazakhstan	View
I25911		800 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe. Butakty, Kazakhstan	View
I12113		886 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe. Butakty, Kazakhstan	View
I25832		800 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe. Butakty, Kazakhstan	View
I10519		500 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe. Turgen-2, Kazakhstan	View
I7110		752 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe. Kargaly 1, Kazakhstan	View
I12117		750 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe. Butakty, Kazakhstan	View
I10141		252 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe. Becentshitobe, Kazakhstan	View
I10514		129 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe. Karatuma. Kaynar Bulak 2, Kazakhstan	View
I12116		995 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe. Butakty, Kazakhstan	View
DA100		235 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA101		212 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA104		1 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA105		125 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA106		1161 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA10		800 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA111		909 BCE	, Czech Republic	View
DA112		753 BCE	, Czech Republic	View
DA116		1049 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA117		1670 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA118		1030 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA119		200 CE	, Slovakia	View
DA11		777 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA121		250 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA123		50 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA124		648 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA125		134 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA126		890 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA127		214 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA128		1224 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA129		539 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA130		373 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA134		800 BCE	Caspian steppe, Russia	View
DA139		800 BCE	Caspian steppe, Russia	View
DA13		767 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA141		800 BCE	Caspian steppe, Russia	View
DA142		600 CE	Caspian steppe, Russia	View
DA143		800 BCE	Caspian steppe, Russia	View
DA144		800 BCE	Caspian steppe, Russia	View
DA145		800 BCE	Caspian steppe, Russia	View
DA146		450 CE	Caucasus, Russia	View
DA14		767 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA15		769 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA160		450 CE	Caucasus, Russia	View
DA161		450 CE	Caucasus, Russia	View
DA162		450 CE	Caucasus, Russia	View
DA164		850 CE	Caucasus, Russia	View
DA16		756 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA171		50 CE	, Lithuania	View
DA177		200 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA179		1000 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA17		810 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA188		709 CE	Caspian steppe, Russia	View
DA189		600 CE	Caspian steppe, Russia	View
DA18		761 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA190		610 CE	Caspian steppe, Russia	View
DA191		749 BCE	, Hungary	View
DA194		513 BCE	, Hungary	View
DA195		772 BCE	, Hungary	View
DA197		726 BCE	, Hungary	View
DA198		737 BCE	, Hungary	View
DA199		1216 CE	, Hungary	View
DA19		810 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA206		124 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA207		1650 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA208		1650 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA20		366 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA223		414 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA226		50 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA227		300 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe. Turgen-2, Kazakhstan	View
DA228		300 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA231		1610 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA23		1036 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA243		450 CE	Caucasus, Russia	View
DA26		800 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA27		265 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA28		1200 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA29		1200 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA2		925 BCE	Siberia. Tungus & Eastern Steppe, Russia	View
DA30		96 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA31		1400 BCE	Caucasus, Armenia	View
DA343		3083 BCE	Ust'-Ida, Russia	View
DA353		2565 BCE	Ust'-Ida, Russia	View
DA356		2456 BCE	Ust'-Ida, Russia	View
DA35		1421 BCE	Caucasus, Armenia	View
DA361		2445 BCE	Ust'-Ida, Russia	View
DA385		415 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA38		345 BCE	Siberia. Tungus & Eastern Steppe, Mongolia	View
DA39		150 BCE	Siberia. Tungus & Eastern Steppe, Mongolia	View
DA3		1000 BCE	Siberia. Tungus & Eastern Steppe, Russia	View
DA41		351 BCE	Siberia. Tungus & Eastern Steppe, Mongolia	View
DA43		400 BCE	Siberia. Tungus & Eastern Steppe, Mongolia	View
DA45		172 BCE	Siberia. Tungus & Eastern Steppe, Mongolia	View
DA47		344 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA48		600 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA49		376 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA4		1000 BCE	Siberia. Tungus & Eastern Steppe, Russia	View
DA50		650 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA51		386 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA52		411 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA53		541 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA54		255 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA55		150 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA56		193 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA57		338 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA58		334 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA59		354 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA5		1000 BCE	Siberia. Tungus & Eastern Steppe, Russia	View
DA65		265 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA66		431 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA68		550 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA69		266 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA6		1000 BCE	Siberia. Tungus & Eastern Steppe, Russia	View
DA70		26 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA71		246 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA72		250 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA73		236 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA74		264 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA7		1000 BCE	Siberia. Tungus & Eastern Steppe, Russia	View
DA80		236 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA81		166 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA82		33 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA85		133 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA86		413 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA87		605 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA89		645 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA8		1000 BCE	Siberia. Tungus & Eastern Steppe, Russia	View
DA92		51 BCE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA93		678 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA94		600 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA95		241 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan	View
DA96		250 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA98		26 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA99		1046 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA9		1000 BCE	Siberia. Tungus & Eastern Steppe, Russia	View
DA136		800 BCE	Caspian steppe, Russia	View
DA201	Late Saka Culture in Kazakhstan	344 BCE	Turgen-2 (Almaty Region, Enbekshikazakh District), Kazakhstan	View
DA202	Sarmatian Culture in Kazakhstan	769 BCE	Tengiz (Atyrau Region, Zhylyoi District), Kazakhstan	View
DA203	Karakhanid Khanate	800 CE	Butakty-1 (Almaty Region, Medeu District), Kazakhstan	View
DA205	Karakhanid Khanate	800 CE	Butakty-1 (Almaty Region, Medeu District), Kazakhstan	View
DA220	Wusun Culture in Kazakhstan	500 BCE	Turgen-2 (Almaty Region, Enbekshikazakh District), Kazakhstan	View
DA221	Iron Age Saka Culture, Kazakhstan	752 BCE	Kargaly-1 (Almaty Region, Zhambyl District), Kazakhstan	View
DA222	Karluk Culture 1, Kazakhstan	800 CE	Butakty-1 (Almaty Region, Medeu District), Kazakhstan	View
DA229	Kangju Culture in Kazakhstan	129 CE	Kaynar-Bulak-2 (Turkistan Region, Sayram District), Kazakhstan	View
DA230	Karluk Culture 2, Kazakhstan	995 CE	Butakty-1 (Almaty Region, Medeu District), Kazakhstan	View
DA204	Karakhanid Khanate	886 CE	Butakty-1 (Almaty Region, Medeu District), Kazakhstan	View

Sample ID	Culture/Period	Date	Location	Action
DA81	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	166 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA85	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	133 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA70	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	26 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA98	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	26 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA101	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	212 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA385	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	415 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA100	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	235 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA104	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	1 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA72	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	250 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA96	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	250 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA74	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	264 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA80	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	236 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA69	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	266 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA73	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	236 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA52	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	411 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA66	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	431 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA65	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	265 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA54	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	255 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA82	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	33 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA68	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	550 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA71	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	246 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View
DA105	The Hun Period in Kyrgyzstan	125 CE	Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kyrgyzstan	View

Ancient Genetic Admixture

Ancient genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (DA68) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles ancient populations from different geographic regions.

Ancient Asians 42%

European Hunter-Gatherers 22%

Western Steppe Pastoralists 20%

Neolithic Farmers 10%

Ancient Oceanians 6%

Modern Genetic Admixture

Modern genetic admixture analysis compares the DNA profile of this individual (DA68) with present-day reference populations. These results show what percentage of the individual's genetic makeup resembles modern populations from different geographic regions.

These results complement the ancient ancestry components shown in the previous section, offering a different perspective on the individual's genetic profile by comparing it with modern reference populations rather than prehistoric ancestral groups.

Asia 59%

Central Asian, Northern Indian & Pakistani 21%

Central Asian 17.2%

Pakistan 3.9%

Northern Asian 19%

Siberian 9.8%

Mongolian 9.7%

Northern West Asian 11%

Caucasian 11.4%

Chinese & Southeast Asian 7%

Tibetan 5.4%

Chinese 1.5%

Japanese & Korean 0%

Europe 36%

Northwestern European 29%

English 19.2%

Finnish 6.3%

Scandinavian 3.5%

Eastern European 7%

Eastern European 6.5%

Africa 3%

West African 3%

Senegambian & Guinean 2.6%

America 2%

Native American 2.2%

Oceania 0%

Melanesian 0%

G25 Coordinates

The G25 coordinates for the sample DA68 are as follows. You can analyze its admixture using G25 Studio.

DA68,0.08080852,-0.05212602,0.04577392,0.02159768,-0.01828048,0.00215818,-0.00955778,-0.01222696,-0.009321,-0.00957212,-0.00706842,0.00357178,-0.00528008,-0.01517014,0.01105058,-0.00270642,-0.0092203,-0.00082674,0.0034216,0.00630906,-0.00660512,0.00088712,-0.00135792,0.0058539,-0.00213289

Analyze it in G25 Studio

Scientific Papers References

137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes

Authors:

Damgaard PB, Marchi N, Rasmussen S

Abstract:

For thousands of years the Eurasian steppes have been a centre of human migrations and cultural change. Here we sequence the genomes of 137 ancient humans (about 1× average coverage), covering a period of 4,000 years, to understand the population history of the Eurasian steppes after the Bronze Age migrations. We find that the genetics of the Scythian groups that dominated the Eurasian steppes throughout the Iron Age were highly structured, with diverse origins comprising Late Bronze Age herders, European farmers and southern Siberian hunter-gatherers. Later, Scythians admixed with the eastern steppe nomads who formed the Xiongnu confederations, and moved westward in about the second or third century BC, forming the Hun traditions in the fourth-fifth century AD, and carrying with them plague that was basal to the Justinian plague. These nomads were further admixed with East Asian groups during several short-term khanates in the Medieval period. These historical events transformed the Eurasian steppes from being inhabited by Indo-European speakers of largely West Eurasian ancestry to the mostly Turkic-speaking groups of the present day, who are primarily of East Asian ancestry.

Link:

View Publication