Marques Modern World K40
By Marques
Admixture Calculator
Calculator Details
Name
Marques Modern World K40
Target Population
World
Author
Marques
Era
Modern
Number of Components
40
Description
Marques Modern World K40 is a high-resolution autosomal admixture calculator built for modern populations. It decomposes an individual's genome into up to 40 distinct ancestry components (K40) calibrated against 41 geographically and historically informed reference populations spanning Africa, the Americas, Europe, Asia, Oceania and the Arctic. The calculator quantifies relative ancestry proportions and highlights minor admixture signals, clines, and regional affinities that are often invisible in lower-resolution models.
Who it’s for: genetic genealogy enthusiasts, population geneticists, historians, students, and anyone with a consumer or research-grade genotype file who wants a nuanced portrait of recent ancestry. It is especially useful for people with complex, multi-regional heritage, researchers comparing modern admixture patterns, and educators demonstrating recent human movements.
What you learn: a clear breakdown of continental and subcontinental ancestry (e.g., West_Africa, Levant_&_Arabia, Scandinavia, Austronesians, Native_Mexico), detection of minor components from distant regions, and comparative placement against reference groups. Results can suggest historical processes—such as colonial-era admixture, slave trade and diaspora signatures, Eurasian steppe contacts, Austronesian dispersals, and Indigenous American continuity—and help generate testable hypotheses about recent gene flow and regional mixing.
Context and value: K40’s breadth of reference populations bridges global coverage and regional detail, making it sensitive to subtle contributions from neighbouring and remote populations. It emphasizes modern-era admixture patterns rather than deep ancient ancestry, giving practical insight into genealogical-scale events (hundreds to a few thousand years).
Caveats: proportions are model-based estimates influenced by reference sampling, marker sets, and statistical uncertainty. This tool is intended for ancestry inference and exploration, not medic
Reference Populations
Africa
- Central_Africa: Consists of various ethnic groups occupying the central region of the African continent.
- East_Africa: Home to diverse groups often associated with Nilotic and Afro-Asiatic speaking populations.
- North_Africa: Includes populations from countries like Egypt, Libya, and Morocco with historical influences from Berbers and Arabs.
- North_East_Africa: Encompasses areas such as the Horn of Africa with populations like the Somali and Ethiopians.
- South_Africa: Contains multiple ethnic groups, including Bantu-speaking populations and descendants of European settlers.
- West_Africa: Features populous ethnic groups such as the Yoruba, Hausa, and Igbo.
Americas
- Amazonia: Refers to indigenous groups living in the Amazon rainforest, with vast cultural diversity.
- Native_Mexico: Contains indigenous populations of Mexico, with rich cultural heritages like the Nahua and Maya.
- North_Amerindian: Includes indigenous peoples of North America, such as the Cree and Apache.
Asia
- Central_Asia_Turkic: Encompasses Turkic-speaking populations of Central Asia.
- China: Represents the Han Chinese, the ethnic majority in China.
- Indochina_Peninsula: Includes populations from Southeast Asian countries like Vietnam and Thailand.
- Korea_&_Japan: Represents populations from the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese Archipelago.
- Levant_&_Arabia: Populations from the Levant region and the Arabian Peninsula.
- Mongolia_&_South_Siberia: Inhabited by Mongolic and other indigenous groups of southern Siberia.
- Siberia: Contains numerous indigenous groups like the Evenks and Nenets in Northern Asia.
- South_Asia: Encompasses ethnic groups from countries such as India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.
- South_Central_Asia: Includes populations from countries like Afghanistan and parts of Kazakhstan.
- South_China: Refers to ethnic minorities and Han groups in Southern China.
- Tibetan: Represents the Tibetan people inhabiting Tibet and surrounding regions.
- Volga_&_Oural: Encompasses various ethnic groups living around the Volga River and Ural Mountains.
- West_Asia: Known for its diverse ethnic groups, including Persians and Kurds.
Europe
- Andean: Populations residing in the Andean regions, noted for ancient civilizations like the Incas.
- Arctic: Indigenous groups in Arctic Europe, including the Sami people.
- Balkans: Diverse ethnic groups from Southeast Europe, including Serbs, Croats, and Albanians.
- Baltic: Encompasses populations from the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
- Basque: Distinct ethnic group primarily located in the Basque Country, between France and Spain.
- British_Islanders: Composed of native groups of the British Isles, such as the English and Scots.
- East_Europe: Contains Slavic and other ethnic groups from Eastern Europe.
- Finnish: The Finnish people, belonging to the Uralic family and residing in Finland.
- Greek_&_Albania: Ethnic Greeks and Albanians from Southern Europe.
- Iberian: Consists of Spanish and Portuguese populations from the Iberian Peninsula.
- Italy: Primarily native Italian populations with rich cultural history.
- North_Caucasus: Contains ethnic groups from the northern region of the Caucasus Mountains.
- North_West_Europe: Encompasses populations from northwest Europe, including the Dutch and Belgians.
- Sardinia: Inhabitants of the Mediterranean island of Sardinia, known for unique genetic makeup.
- Scandinavia: Populations from Norway, Sweden, and Denmark with Scandinavian heritage.
- West_Asia: Mix of ethnic groups influenced by historical empires and modern nations.
Oceania
- Australia: Aboriginal Australians, the indigenous peoples with unique cultural traditions.
- Austronesians: Groups spread across islands in the Pacific, speaking Austronesian languages.
- Melanesia: Indigenous peoples of the Melanesian region in the Pacific Ocean.
What is Admixture Analysis?
Admixture analysis is a method used to estimate your genetic ancestry by comparing your DNA to reference populations from around the world. Think of it as creating a recipe of your genetic makeup, where the ingredients are different ancestral populations.
This calculator uses 40 carefully selected modern populations as references, allowing for a detailed breakdown of your genetic heritage.
How It Works
Key Points
- Your DNA is compared to 40 reference populations
- Modern populations are used as references
- Results show your genetic similarity to these populations
Understanding Your Results
Your results will show percentages of genetic similarity to these reference populations. Remember:
- Results reflect genetic similarity, not direct ancestry
- Modern populations are used as references
- Percentages indicate relative genetic contribution from each population
- Results are estimates based on available reference data